优化收入分配格局的社会流动研究新进展:纵向流动、横向流动及二者关系

Advancement in the Research on Social Mobility to Optimize Income Distribution:Vertical Mobility,Horizontal Mobility,and Their Relationship

党的二十大报告提出要促进机会公平,扩大中等收入群体。橄榄型分配结构是迈向共同富裕的重要途径,社会流动作为推动该社会结构逐步形成的有效路径之一,颇具研究价值。本文基于索罗金(1959)对社会流动的界定,从纵向流动、横向流动以及二者关系三个视角,梳理相关文献后发现,从纵向流动来看,在一国不同时期以及各国之间该趋势存在共性与差异,而影响纵向流动的因素包括教育、创新、公众评价、户籍制度等;从横向流动来看(主要指空间流动),各国在流动程度、城乡流动方向等方面存在差异,而影响空间流动的因素包括就业与收入、社会资本(社交)、经济理论与政策背景等;从纵向流动与横向流动关系来看,二者具有重要的相互作用关系,适当的空间流动能够对纵向流动产生积极影响,而公众对纵向流动的积极评价能够相应提升空间流动程度。基于以上分析,对我国而言,可以考虑通过各种方式进一步激发纵向流动与横向流动活力,最终在二者的共同作用下优化收入分配格局,助力共同富裕。

Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China states that we will promote equality of opportunity, and expand the size of the middle-income group.Olive-shaped distribution structure is an important path to move towards common prosperity. As one of the effective ways to promote the gradual formation of this social structure, social mobility is of great research value. Based on Sorokin’s(1959) definition of social mobility, from the perspective of vertical mobility, horizontal mobility, and their relationship, after reviewing relevant literature, it is found that there are similarities and differences in the trend of vertical mobility in different periods of a country and among countries, and the factors affecting it include education, innovation, public beliefs, registered residence system and so on. From the perspective of horizontal mobility(mainly refers to spatial mobility), there are differences among countries in the degree of mobility, the direction of urban-rural mobility and other aspects, and the factors affecting spatial mobility include employment and income, social capital, economical theory and policy background and so on. And there is an important interaction between vertical and horizontal mobility: proper spatial mobility have a positive impact on vertical mobility, while the public’s positive evaluation of vertical mobility can correspondingly improve the degree of spatial mobility. Based on the above analysis, for China, we can consider further stimulating the vitality of vertical mobility and horizontal mobility in various ways, and finally optimize income distribution under the joint action of the two to help to achieve common prosperity.