地图风格迁移:概念、综述与展望

Cartographic Style Transfer:Idea,Review and Envision

来源于计算机图形学领域的风格迁移概念引起了地图学领域的广泛关注,涌现出大量地图风格迁移算法与评价实验,同时存在地图风格概念不明、风格迁移结果缺少评价等问题。首先,从概念上分析了地图风格的含义与风格地图的适用场景;其次,对现有风格迁移方法进行综述,详细对比分析基于概率统计的、基于内容解析的以及基于神经网络的3类图像风格迁移方法;然后,解析图像到地图、遥感影像到地图以及图像到地貌晕渲等3类主要地图风格迁移方法,对比了矢量与栅格地图风格迁移的优缺点;最后,针对参考图如何选取、风格迁移结果如何评价、风格迁移如何融入地图设计3个方面,对后续地图风格迁移研究进行了展望。

Style transfer which originates from computer graphics has attracted broader attention in the field of cartography,considerable efforts have been made on cartographic style transfer algorithms and experimental evaluation.However,it also suffers from unclear demarcation of map style,and lack of evaluation of style transfer results.Therefore,firstly,this paper conceptually analyzes the idea of map style and the applicable scenarios of styled maps.Then,we review existing style transfer methods,and categorize available style transfer methods into three groups and compare them with details:Probability statistics-based,content-based,and neural network-based.We also discuss three major types of map style transfer methods:Image to map,remote sensing imagery to map,and image to relief shading.And we compare the advantages and disadvantages of style transfer with vector and raster maps.Finally,we envision the future research of map style transfer in terms of three possible research questions:How to select reference images,how to evaluate style transfer results,and how to integrate style transfer into map design process.