黄菖蒲花部特征及繁育习性研究

Studies on Floral Syndrome and Breeding Habits of Iris pseudacorus

该研究旨在通过定点观察与人工授粉等方法,为黄菖蒲生殖生物学与杂交育种提供理论依据。对引种多年的黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)的花器官特征、开花动态、花粉形态及活力、柱头可授性、繁育习性与访花昆虫进行了观察与研究,结果表明,黄菖蒲在南京地区为4月下—5月上开花,雌雄异熟;花粉活力与柱头可授性均为开花当天最强,随后下降;雌雄异位,开花过程中柱头向下弯曲,雄蕊始终短于柱头;花粉/胚珠比380.4,杂交指数为5。黄菖蒲的繁育习性为异交为主,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者,自然状态下存在花粉限制,不存在无融合生殖现象,黑纹食蚜蝇为潜在传粉者。

In this study,to provide a theoretical basis for the reproductive biology and hybrid breeding of I.pseudacorus,the floral characteristic,flowering process,pollen morphology and vitality,stigma receptivity,breeding habits,and flower-visiting insects of Iris pseudacorus L.were observed.The results showed that I.pseudacorus bloomed from April to May in Nanjing,and showed dichogamy;both pollen vitality and stigma receptivity were the strongest on the day of flowering,and then decreased;the stigma bent downward during flowering and the stamen was always shorter than the stigma;the pollen/ovule ratio was 380.4,the outcrossing index(OCI)was 5.The breeding habits of I.pseudacorus was mainly outcrossing,some self-compatibility and pollinators were required.There was pollen limitation in the natural state,and there was no apomixis phenomenon.Episyrphus balteatus were potential pollinators.