不同措施下三江源区“黑土山”土壤治理效果分析

Analysis of Soil Management Effect of Different Measures on“Bare Land of Mountain”in the Three Rivers Source Region

相对于“黑土滩”的研究,“黑土山”的研究尚处于初期。本研究以6种措施“微耕机翻耕一遍+人工撒播(MT1+MS)、微耕机翻耕两遍+人工撒播(MT2+MS)、旋耕机翻耕+撒播机播种(RT+SS)、挖掘机开沟+人工条播(ED+MS)、免耕播种(NT+S)、人工耙翻+人工撒播(MR+MS)”治理后的草地为研究对象,分析土壤的理化特征和微生物量的变化,以及6种措施对土壤的治理效果,为“黑土山”土壤快速治理提供理论依据。结果表明:土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷、微生物量碳氮磷含量随土层均呈下降趋势,并且0~20 cm土层土壤含水量和各土层土壤养分含量均在措施NT+S时最高;各土层的容重在措施ED+MS最大,且差异显著(P<0.05);0~10 cm土层,土壤水稳性团聚体质量百分数在措施NT+S最高且差异显著(P<0.05),10~20 cm、20~30 cm土层中各措施下差异不显著。因此,结合土壤理化性质和微生物量的变化,三江源区“黑土山”土壤的快速治理可选择免耕播种的措施。

Compared with the research on the control of"black soil beach",the research on the control of"bare land of mountain"is still in the early stage.Taking the grassland treated by six measures,micro tiller plowing+manual sowing(MT1+MS),micro-tiller plowing twice+manual sowing(MT2+MS),rotary tiller ploughing+seeder sowing(RT+SS),excavator ditching+manual sowing(ED+MS),no-till sowing(NT+S),and manual raking+manual sowing(MR+MS),as the research object,the effects of six treatments on soil restoration were analyzed,which would provide theoretical basis for rapid soil treatment in"bare land of mountain"by studying the changes of soil physical and chemical characteristics and microbial biomass.The results showed that the contents of soil water,organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus all exhibited a downward trend with the soil layer.And the soil water content in 0-20 cm soil layer and the soil nutrient content in each soil layer were the highest in the measure NT+S;The bulk density of each soil layer was the largest in ED+MS,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The mass percentage of soil water-stable aggregates in 0-10 cm soil layer is the highest in NT+S,and the difference was significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers.Therefore,combined with the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial biomass,no-till sowing can be selected for the rapid soil management of"bare land of mountain"in the source region of the Three Rivers.