不同干细胞来源的外泌体促进血管形成的研究进展

Progress in blood vessel formation promoted by exosomes derived from different stem cells

血管生成是包含多步骤且高度调节的过程,对于生长、发育和修复受损组织至关重要[1]。血管生成可能通过两种机制发生,包括芽生和非芽生[2]。血管生成由多种生长因子和信号通路控制,其发生与否取决于生物环境中促血管生成因子和抗血管生成因子之间的平衡[3]。其中,血管新生的关键因子包括血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、血管生成素(angiopoietin, Angpt).

Exosomes occupy a role in many angiogenic mediators, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. In this article, the biological characteristics of exosomes were briefly reviewed, and the extraction, identification, tracer and preservation methods of exosomes were summarized. Meanwhile, the role and regulation mechanism of exosomes derived from different stem cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, in angiogenesis were reviewed, and the mechanism mediated by microRNA was emphasized, in order to provide reference for the study of the mechanism of exosomes promoting angiogenesis.