欧美主要国家与我国传粉昆虫多样性保护政策和研究比较分析

Comparative Analysis on the Protection Policies and Researches of Insect Pollinator Diversity in Western Countries and China

传粉昆虫作为主要的传粉者,为植物繁育和进化提供了所需的传粉服务,是农业可持续发展的重要资源。面对过去几十年间各种环境压力导致的全球传粉昆虫数量及多样性急剧减少,传粉昆虫多样性及其保护研究逐渐得到重视,也大力推进了各国关于传粉昆虫多样性保护国家政策的制定。从政策发展历程、保护措施和激励措施3个方面,对比分析欧美主要国家与我国现行传粉昆虫保护国家政策,并对欧美国家传粉昆虫保护政策效益进行分析,结合Citespace文献计量与可视化方法解析传粉昆虫研究进程与概况,对我国传粉昆虫多样性保护措施、政策和科学研究提出如下建议:(1)加强传粉昆虫资源评估和传粉昆虫多样性可持续利用;(2)加强推进以保护和提升野生传粉昆虫栖息地和传粉服务为主、优先保护濒危物种和特有种的生物多样性保护政策,将传粉昆虫保护纳入生物多样性主流化进程;(3)开发传粉昆虫友好型农药使用政策和措施;(4)研究制定传粉昆虫多样性保护与传粉服务管理的生态补偿机制,鼓励农户参与传粉昆虫多样性保护;(5)加强政策评估和追踪。

As the main pollinator,insect pollinator provides essential pollination services for plant reproduction and evolution,and is important resource for sustainable agricultural production.In past few decades,the abundance and diversity of insect pollinators worldwide have decreased dramatically due to various environmental pressures,that gradually raised the concerns on the diversity and conservation of insect pollinators and also greatly promoted the formulation of national policies of insect pollinator protection in many countries.In this paper,the current national policies of insect pollinator protection in main Western countries(UK,Germany,The Netherlands,US) and China are compared from three aspects,including policy development process,protection measures and incentive measures,and the benefits of national insect pollinator conservation policies in several Western countries are evaluated.The progress of pollinator research is reviewed by using Cite space bibliometrics and visualization methods.Finally,the following suggestions are proposed for the conservation and restoration of insect pollinator diversity in China:(1) Strengthening the assessment of insect pollinator resources and scientific research on sustainable utilization of insect pollinator diversity;(2) Promoting national strategy of insect pollinator diversity conservation to encourage the restoration of wild insect pollinator′s habitat and the associated pollination service,giving priority to conserve endangered species and local native species as well,and integrating pollinator conservation into the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation;(3) Developing pollinator-friendly pesticide use policies and measures;(4) Developing an ecological compensation mechanism for insect pollinator diversity protection and pollination service management,and encourage farmers to participate in insect pollinator diversity protection;(5) Strengthening policy evaluation and tracking.