2021年全国七省地区餐饮服务单位碘盐监测结果分析

Analysis on surveillance results of iodized salt in restaurants of seven provinces in China in 2021

目的了解我国2021年餐饮服务单位加碘盐使用情况。方法随机抽取全国七省71个县(市、区)的4000多家餐饮服务单位,从所抽取的食堂或餐馆后厨采集50 g食用盐进行碘含量测定。结果共计抽取4277个餐饮服务单位,其中单位食堂725个,中型餐馆1733个,小型餐馆1819个。餐饮服务单位碘盐覆盖率为98.3%,合格碘盐食用率为93.5%,碘盐合格率为95.1%,碘盐中位数为25.2 mg/kg。辽宁省餐饮服务单位碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率显著低于其他六省(χ^(2)=99.75,P<0.01;χ^(2)=83.68,P<0.01)。沿海地区餐饮服务单位碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率显著低于内陆地区(χ^(2)=226.96,P<0.01;χ^(2)=47.52,P<0.01)。单位食堂、中型餐馆和小型餐馆之间的碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐覆盖率及碘盐合格率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论2021年我国餐饮服务单位碘盐使用情况良好,达到我国碘缺乏病消除标准中对于碘盐的要求。需进一步加强部分沿海地区餐饮从业人员的碘缺乏病防治知识培训,完善监督、监测机制,提高沿海地区居民在外就餐合格碘盐食用率。

Objective To investigate the use of iodized salt in restaurants in China in 2021.Methods More than 4000 restaurants were randomly selected from 71 counties cities districts in 7 provinces of China and 50 g of edible salts were collected from the dining halls to determine the iodine content.Results A total of 4277 restaurants were selected including 725 canteens 1733 me dium-sized restaurants and 1819 small restaurants.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.3%the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.5%the qualified rate of iodized salt was 95.1%and the median iodized salt was 25.2 mg/kg.The coverage rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in Liaoning Province were significantly lower than those in oth er six provincesχ^(2)=99.75 P<0.01χ^(2)=83.68 P<0.01.The coverage rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified io dized salt in restaurants in coastal areas were significantly lower than those in inland areasχ^(2)=226.96 P<0.01χ^(2)=47.52 P<0.01.There were no significant differences in iodized salt coverage rate qualified iodized salt coverage rate and qualified rate of io dized salt among canteens medium-sized restaurants and small restaurants P>0.05.Conclusion The use of iodized salt in restaurants in China was good in 2021 meeting the requirements of iodized salt in the elimination standard of IDD in China.It is necessary to further strengthen the training of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control knowledge of catering workers in some coastal areas improve the supervision and monitoring mechanism and improve the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in dining out of coastal areas.