阿什旦牦牛养殖技术及注意事项

Ashdan Yak Breeding Technology and Precautions

青海属高海拔地区,牦牛养殖是农牧民普遍选择的牛种之一,由于牦牛落后的生产方式和严酷的自然条件,加上良种繁育体系不健全,畜群结构不合理、草畜不平衡,畜群周转减慢、公母畜配比不合理、以自然交配为主等诸多原因导致部分品种退化,牦牛个体小、生产性能等进一步下降。饲养管理技术滞后,技术转化率不高等因素也给牦牛养殖业带来了很大阻碍,因此相关的科研与广大技术人员以基因型的独特性状,利用分子生物学,精准选育、培育成功出了一种性能更加优良、适应区域与环境能力更广、更强的独特牦牛新品种,即阿什旦牦牛。阿什旦牦牛的培育与推广防止了农牧区牦牛品种的退化,还提高了养殖效益,对青海农牧地区的经济发展做出了较大的贡献。但由于阿什旦牦牛推广时间较短,在养殖技术上还存在诸多问题,该文简要介绍了阿什旦牦牛的特性及在养殖过程中应注意的技术要点和相关事项,以提高阿什旦牦牛的养殖效益。

Qinghai is a high altitude area,and yak breeding is one of the cattle breeds widely selected by farmers and herdsmen.Due to the backward production mode and harsh natural conditions of yaks,coupled with the imperfect breeding system of fine varieties,the irrational livestock structure,the imbalance between grass and livestock,the slow turnover of livestock,the unreasonable ratio of male and female livestock,the natural mating and many other reasons,some varieties of yaks degenerate,and the smaller yaks and the further decline of production performance.The lagging technology of feeding management and the low rate of technology transformation have also brought great obstacles to the yak breeding industry.Therefore,the relevant scientific research and technicians have successfully selected and bred a new unique yak breed with better performance,wider adaptability to the region and environment,namely Ashdan Yak,by using the unique characteristics of genotype and molecular biology.The cultivation and promotion of Ashdan yaks have prevented the degradation of yak breeds in agricultural and pastoral areas,improved the breeding efficiency,and made great contributions to the economic development of agricultural and pastoral areas in Qinghai.However,due to the short promotion time of Ashdan yak,there are still many problems in the breeding technology.This paper briefly introduces the characteristics of Ashdan yak and the technical points and related matters that should be paid attention to in the breeding process,so as to improve the breeding efficiency of Ashdan yak.