变应性鼻炎患儿免疫治疗家庭干预效果评价

Evaluation of family interventions among children with allergic rhinitis undergoing immunotherapy

目的评价家庭干预对免疫治疗的变应性鼻炎患儿的干预效果,为改善相关疾病预后提供依据。方法杭州市临平区第一人民医院2018年7月—2021年7月收治的80例变应性鼻炎患儿随机分配入对照组和干预组,均接受免疫治疗;对照组实施常规干预措施,干预组实施健康教育、心理疏导、定期随访等家庭干预措施,为期3个月。采用自制问卷调查患儿家长疾病知识掌握程度;评估患儿治疗依从率;采用症状评分、鼻结膜炎相关生活质量问卷(RQLQ)评估临床症状;采用鼻腔鼻窦结局测试-20(SNOT-20)评估预后。结果干预组和对照组各40例,两组患儿性别、年龄、病程和疾病严重程度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预组患儿家长对疾病病因、诱发因素、用药管理和日常生活管理的掌握程度评分[(9.56±0.25)、(8.84±0.62)、(9.56±0.25)、(9.14±0.55)分]均高于对照组[(7.45±0.85)、(6.76±1.36)、(7.97±0.85)、(8.14±0.46)分;P<0.05]。干预组患儿免疫治疗依从率(92.50%)高于对照组(75.00%;P<0.05)。干预后,干预组患儿症状评分,RQLQ评分,以及SNOT-20的鼻部症状、睡眠障碍、相关症状和情感结局4个维度评分[(3.12±0.94)、(3.31±0.87)、(6.54±2.14)、(4.11±0.58)、(5.29±1.52)、(7.52±1.85)分]均低于对照组[(3.96±1.23)、(3.87±1.02)、(8.22±2.45)、(5.24±1.03)、(6.34±2.01)、(9.19±2.69)分;P<0.05]。结论家庭干预可有效提高变应性鼻炎患儿免疫治疗依从性,改善症状,提升患儿预后和生活质量。

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of family interventions among children with allergic rhinitis receiving immunotherapy,so as to provide insights into improvements of allergic rhinitis treatment.MethodsA total of 80 children with allergic rhinitis admitted to The First People’s Hospital of Linping District from July 2018 to July 2021 were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control and intervention groups,of 40 participants in each group,and all children underwent immunotherapy.Children in the control group received routine interventions,while participants in the intervention group were given family interventions for 3 months,including health education,psychological counseling,and periodical follow-up.Parental awareness of allergic rhinitis was investigated using self-designed questionnaires,and the compliance to immunotherapy was evaluated.The clinical symptoms were evaluated using the symptom scores and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire(RQLQ),and the prognosis was evaluated using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20(SNOT-20).ResultsThere were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of gender,age,course of disease or disease severity(P>0.05).The scores for parental awareness of etiology[(9.56±0.25)vs.(7.45±0.85)],inducement factor[(8.84±0.62)vs.(6.76±1.36)],medication management[(9.56±0.25)vs.(7.97±0.85)]and daily life management of allergic rhinitis[(9.14±0.55)vs.(8.14±0.46)]were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group(P<0.05).The proportion of participants’compliance to immunotherapy was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group(92.50%vs.75.00%,P<0.05).The scores for clinical symptoms[(3.12±0.94)vs.(3.96±1.23)],RQLQ score[(3.31±0.87)vs.(3.87±1.02)]and the SNOT-20 scores for nasal symptoms[(6.54±2.14)vs.(8.22±2.45)],sleep disorders[(4.11±0.58)vs.(5.24±1.03)],associated symptoms[(5.29±1.52)vs.(6.34±2.01)]and emotional consequences[(7.52±1.85)vs.(9.19±2.69)]were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group post-interventions(P<0.05).ConclusionFamily interventions are effective to improve the compliance to immunotherapy,clinical symptoms,prognosis and quality of life among children with allergic rhinitis.