孤独症谱系障碍儿童动作模仿及眼动特征

Characteristics of action imitation and eye movement in children with autism spectrum disorder

目的:探索孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的动作模仿及眼动特征。方法:选取符合精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM-5)ASD诊断标准的学龄儿童52例,年龄相匹配的正常对照儿童30例。采用儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)评估ASD儿童的症状严重程度,以无意义手势模仿任务范式评价动作模仿水平,眼动追踪技术记录眼动数据。结果:与正常对照儿童相比,ASD儿童的任务观察时间和兴趣区(ROI)时间较长,ROI比例较低,模仿分数较低(均P<0.01)。回归分析显示,ASD儿童任务观察时间与模仿分数负向关联(β=-0.55,P<0.01),ROI比例与模仿分数正向关联(β=0.31,P<0.01)。结论:ASD儿童存在动作观察缺陷,并可能是ASD儿童动作模仿的特点之一。

Objective:To explore the characteristics of action imitation and eye movement in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods:Fifty-two children with ASD meeting the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)and 30 age-matched typical development children were selected.The score of Children Autism Rating Scale(CARS),the performance of imitation task on meaningless gestures and their eye movements data during action observation were collected.Group differences in all metrics of eye movements and imitation scores were compared between the two groups.For the ASD group,correlation analysis and ridge regression analysis were performed on the relationship between eye movement metrics and imitation scores.Results:The children with ASD took longer duration of action observation,longer region of interest(ROI)fixation duration,lower proportion of ROI and lower action imitation scores than the normal control children(Ps<0.01).Ridge regression analyses showed that the duration of action observation was negatively associated with(β=-0.55)and the proportion of ROI was positively associated with(β=0.31)the action imitation scores in the ASD children(Ps<0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that action observation defects exist in children with autism spectrum disorder,which may be one of characteristics of their action imitation.