论孔子对子产形象的多维评议

Confucius’s Multidimensional Comments on Zi Chan’s Image

孔子对子产形象的散点式评论,暗含了一套涉及政治文明理想和人物典范的评议体系。归纳了孔子评议子产的话语类型,发现该体系有着严密的内部逻辑,其以子产的执政理念和政治功绩为关键依据,并与子产的个体修养构成双重评判标准,进而达成了“圣贤”文化系统中的近源范式塑造。孔子之所以建立对子产形象的多维评议,一则借助子产的“贤臣”身份传递自身政治文明理想的核心诉求,二则经由子产的“君子”品格展现理想人格的诸种特质。此外,在现存文献记载中,孔子对子产的负面评价较少,研究发现这是后儒的改造,而这一话语类型正反映出孔子评议体系的文化影响力及子产形象在后世的接受情况。

Confucius’s scattered evaluation of Zi Chan implies a set of judgment system involving the ideal of political civilization and the model of characters.By summing up the discourse types of Confucius’comments on Zi Chan,we can find that the system has a strict internal logic.This system is critically based on Zi Chan’s ruling idea and political achievements,and constitutes a double judgment standard with Zi Chan’s individual accomplishment,thus achieving the shaping of the near-source paradigm in the cultural system of“sages”.The reason why Confucius established multi-dimensional judgment of Zi Chan is that he conveys the core demands of his own political civilization ideal with the help of Zi Chan’s“virtuous minister”status,and shows various characteristics of ideal personality through Zi Chan’s“intelligentleman”character.In addition,in the existing literature,there are also few negative comments on Zi Chan,which is actually due to the transformation of post-Confucianism.This type of discourse reflects the cultural influence of Confucius’s judgment system and the acceptance of the image of Zi Chan in later generations.