中小学减负政策落地的困境与突破

Dilemma and Breakthrough:the Implementation of the Burden Reduction Policy in Primary and Secondary Schools

义务教育阶段学生负担过重有目共睹,然而政府三令五申出台的“减负令”的落实效果却不尽人意。文章从博弈论出发,发现家长(学生)、学校(教师)、地方行政部门三方相互作用,各方或主动或被动的选择“增负”以维持博弈的平衡,从而形成了两个“囚徒困境”。打破困境的关键在于施加“奖惩矩阵”,以政府供给侧治理实现标本兼治,以教育评价倒逼良性循环的教育生态,以观念和行动转变缓解家长焦虑,最终引导各方主动为学生“减负”。

The public bears witness to the excessive burden of students in compulsory education,but the implementation of the“burden reduction order”issued by the government has been unsatisfactory.Starting from the“Game Theory”,this paper finds that parents(students),schools(teachers),and local administrative departments interact with each other,and each party actively or passively chooses to increase the burden of students in order to maintain the balance of the“game”,thus forming two“prisoner’s dilemmas”.The key to break the dilemma lies in imposing the“matrix of rewards and punishments”,solving both the symptoms and root problems with the government supply side governance,forcing a virtuous cycle of educational ecology with evaluation,alleviating parents’anxiety with conceptual and behavioral changes,and finally guiding all parties to take the initiative to“reduce the burden”of students.