新时期中国低生育率的影响因素

A Study of the Influence Factors of China’s Low Fertility Rate in the New Era

近年来,中国的总和生育率持续走低,甚至远低于一些发达国家的生育水平,这与新时期宏观生育环境发生巨大变化,许多影响生育的新因素开始凸显密切相关。收入水平大幅且迅速提高、生育养育孩子的经济成本飞速上涨、经济环境和劳动就业面临的风险上升、性别平等困境带来的家庭—工作冲突剧烈、社会养老保障体系逐步完善、新媒体快速传播低生育文化等成为影响我国持续低生育率的新因素。政府在制定相关的生育支持政策时,应该将这些新因素纳入考虑,从降低生育养育的经济成本、提供足够的制度保障、营造生育友好型社会文化环境三方面着手,切实有效地解决家庭生育中面临的困境,帮助他们实现真实的生育意愿,进而提高生育率。

In recent years,China’s total fertility rate has continued to decline,even to a level far below that of some developed countries.This is closely related to many new factors emerging due to the great changes in the macro fertility environment in the new era.Rapidly rising income,soaring economic cost of raising children,rising risks of economic environment and employment,intense family-work conflict caused by the dilemma of gender equality,gradual improvement of old-age social security system,and rapid spread of low-fertility culture by new media have become the new factors for China’s continuous low fertility rate.When the government is formulating relevant fertility support policies,it should take these new factors into consideration,and approach the issue from three aspects:reducing the economic cost of childbearing,providing sufficient institutional guarantee,and creating a fertility-friendly social and cultural environment,so as to truly and effectively solve the difficulties faced by families in childbearing,help them realize their will in childbearing and increase fertility rate.