原始聚落社会组织形态与文明基因的萌生

Social Organization Form of Primitive Settlements and the Initiation of Civilization

早期聚落时期,聚落中的血缘组合大致可以分为聚落族氏与室家二级,血缘组合模式为母系血缘组织。母系血缘组织中,可能有母权存在,也可能是男性执掌其中权力。随着聚落内部组织形态逐渐复杂化,形成了聚落族氏、家族与家户的分层关系,家族成为实体性血缘组织。与之同时,父系家庭与父系家族从中脱胎而出,聚落内的父系血缘组织逐步取代了此前的母系血缘组织。男权在家族成长与发展中的膨胀,是父系血缘组织成长过程中显而易见的动力所在。在上述历史进程中,聚落中的血缘组织不但没有减弱,反而处在不断强化与发展中,并最终形成了跨越聚落的更大范围的血缘组合,从而为正在形成中的文明基因打上了明确标识,对中国古代文明起源与发展产生了重要影响。

The social organization in primitive settlements had been consanguineous in nature since the very beginning.It became gradually complicated in the long historical development,forming hierarchies of clans,families,and households.All residents lived in the community with the same blood,and there was no obvious polarization between the rich and the poor.Household was the basic unit for living and production in the settlement,and its members were mainly second-generation blood relatives.By the time of Yangshao culture and Dawenkou culture,the center of the consanguineous organization system in settlements moved down.Primitive families with the functions of production,distribution and living turned up gradually between clans and households.On this basis,paternal households and families emerged,which played a vital role in the origin and development of ancient civilization in China.The consanguineous organization form,marital status and family and household structure in primitive settlements marked the initiation of civilization and had an important impact on the development of later social forms and civilizations.