花生粕替代豆粕和棉粕对育肥绵羊生长性能、表观消化率、屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃发酵指标的影响

Effects of Peanut Meal Replacing Soybean Meal and Cotton Meal on the Growth Performance,Apparent Digestibility,Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Ruminal Fermentation Indexes of Fattening Sheep

本研究旨在分析花生粕替代豆粕和棉粕对育肥绵羊(Ovis aries)生长性能、表观消化率、屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃发酵指标及经济效益的影响。选择24只育肥羊公羔,随机分为3组,每组8个重复。对照组(HP组)饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组(50HP组)和试验Ⅱ组(100HP组)分别饲喂花生粕替代基础日粮中50%、100%豆粕和棉粕的试验日粮。试验为期90 d,每30 d称重。每组挑选3只羊进行屠宰用于测定肉品质。饲养试验结束后采集晨饲前瘤胃液用于测定发酵指标。各处理间绵羊生长性能和屠宰性能无显著差异(P>0.05);随花生粕替代豆粕和棉粕比例的增加,各试验组粗蛋白表观消化率先增后降,50HP组粗蛋白表观消化率显著高于100HP组(P<0.05);HP组总能表观消化率极显著低于100HP组(P<0.01),HP组显著低于50HP组(P<0.05);各试验组pH值(1 h)明显下降,pH值(1 h)呈现显著差异(P<0.05);100HP组熟肉率显著高于HP组(P<0.05);50HP组的剪切力显著高于HP组(P<0.05);各试验组pH值(24 h)、肉色(45min)、肉色(24 h)、滴水损失率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各试验组pH值先增后降,50HP组最高,且显著高于HP组(P<0.05);乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量先降后增,50HP组乙酸极显著低于HP组(P<0.01),100HP组显著低于HP组(P<0.05)。乙酸/丙酸(A/P)含量HP组极显著高于各试验组(P<0.01),异丁酸含量50HP组显著低于HP组(P<0.05),异戊酸含量50HP组极显著低于HP组和100HP组(P<0.01),总挥发性脂肪酸含量50HP显著低于HP组(P<0.05),各试验组氨态氮、丙酸、正丁酸、戊酸含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。分析表明,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组毛利润净增加了101、43元/只。用50%花生粕替代水平经济效益最佳,可在绵羊养殖过程中进行推广。

The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of peanut meal replacing soybean meal and cotton meal on the growth performance,apparent digestibility,slaughter performance,meat quality,ruminal fermentation index and economic benefits of fattening sheep(Ovis aries).24 fattening male lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 repetitions in each group.The control group(HP group)was fed with basic diet,and the experimental groupⅠ(50HP group)and the experimental groupⅡ(100HP group)were fed with peanut meal instead of 50%and 100%soybean meal and cotton meal in the basic diet.The test lasted for 90 days and was weighed every 30 days.Three sheep in each group were slaughtered to determine meat quality.After the feeding experiment,the rumen juice before morning feeding was collected to determine the fermentation index.There was no significant difference in sheep growth performance and slaughter performance among the treatments(P>0.05);The apparent digestibility of crude protein in 50HP group was significantly higher than that in 100HP group(P<0.05);The total energy apparent digestibility of HP group was significantly lower than that of 100HP group(P<0.01),and that of HP group was significantly lower than that of 50HP group(P<0.05);The pH(1 h)of each test group decreased significantly,and the pH(1 h)showed significant difference(P<0.05);The cooked meat rate of 100HP group was significantly higher than that of HP group(P<0.05);The shear force of 50HP group was significantly higher than that of HP group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in pH(24h),flesh color(45 min),flesh color(24 h)and dripping loss rate among the test groups(P>0.05).The pH of each experimental group increased first and then decreased,and the highest value was found in 50HP group,which was significantly higher than that in HP group(P<0.05);The contents of acetic acid,propionic acid,isobutyric acid,isovaleric acid,valeric acid and total volatile fatty acids decreased first and then increased.Acetic acid in 50HP group was significantly lower than that in HP group(P<0.01),and that in 100HP group was significantly lower than that in HP group(P<0.05).The content of acetic acid/propionic acid in HP group was significantly higher than that in all experimental groups(P<0.01),the content of isobutyric acid in 50HP group was significantly lower than that in HP group(P<0.05),the content of isovaleric acid in 50HP group was significantly lower than that in HP group and 100HP group(P<0.01),and the content of total volatile fatty acids in 50HP group was significantly lower than that in HP group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the content of ammonia nitrogen,propionic acid,n-butyric acid and valeric acid in all experimental groups(P>0.05).The economic benefit analysis showed that the gross profit of each experimental group increased by 101 yuan and 43 yuan/piece.Using 50%peanut meal alternative level has the best economic benefit and can be popularized in the process of sheep breeding.