Advanced functional nanofibers:strategies to improve performance and expand functions

Nanofbers have a wide range of applications in many felds such as energy generation and storage,environmental sensing and treatment,biomedical and health,thanks to their large specifc surface area,excellent fexibility,and superior mechanical properties.With the expansion of application felds and the upgrade of application requirements,there is an inevitable trend of improving the performance and functions of nanofbers.Over the past few decades,numerous studies have demonstrated how nanofbers can be adapted to more complex needs through modifcations of their structures,materials,and assembly.Thus,it is necessary to systematically review the feld of nanofbers in which new ideas and technologies are emerging.Here we summarize the recent advanced strategies to improve the performances and expand the functions of nanofbers.We frst introduce the common methods of preparing nanofbers,then summarize the advances in the feld of nanofbers,especially up-to-date strategies for further enhancing their functionalities.We classify these strategies into three categories:design of nanofber structures,tuning of nanofber materials,and improvement of nanofbers assemblies.Finally,the optimization methods,materials,application areas,and fabrication methods are summarized,and existing challenges and future research directions are discussed.We hope this review can provide useful guidance for subsequent related work.