马克思主义关于人与自然本质统一生态立场的澄明——驳布克金“马克思主义是人类中心主义”的观点

Clarification of Marxist Ecological Stance on the Unity of Human and Natural Essence:Refuting Bookchin’s View that Marxism is Anthropocentrism

自20世纪中叶伊始,绿色主义阵营基于环境危机的担忧,对马克思生态立场进行了激烈的批判,尤其是布克金为代表的社会生态学家将马克思批评为“人类中心主义者”。虽然这种批评已经成为攻击马克思主义科学性的滥觞,但其所提出的以无政府主义制度变革推行生态社会主义的主张值得我们警惕,因为这种主张已经将关于人与自然关系的意见分歧转向了意识形态的交锋。马克思主义在“人即自然”和“自然即人”的本质统一中通过和谐共生理念阐明了其“人与自然本质统一”的生态立场,对“人类中心主义”和“非人类中心主义”的非马克思主义生态立场进行了批驳,其中蕴含的马克思生态观对社会主义生态文明建设具有重要的实践价值。

Since the beginning of the middle of the 20th century,the Green Party has been fiercely criticizing Marx’s ecological stance based on the concern of environmental crisis.Especially,social ecologists represented by Bookchin have criticized Marx as“anthropocentrist”.Although this criticism has become the origin of attacking the scientific nature of Marxism.However,his idea of carrying out ecological socialism through the reform of anarchist system is worth our vigilance because this idea has turned the disagreement on the relationship between human and nature into ideological confrontation.In the essential unity of“man’s being nature”and“nature’s being man”,Marxism clarifies its ecological stance of“unity of man and nature”through the concept of harmonious coexistence,and refutes the non-Marxist ecological stance of“anthropocentrism”and“non-anthropocentrism”.Marxist ecological view contained in it is of great practical value to the construction of socialist ecological civilization.