开平市重点职业病职业健康风险评估

Occupational health risk assessment for major occupational diseases in Kaiping City

目的评估开平市重点职业病职业健康风险。方法收集2018—2021年开平市重点职业病职业健康风险评估资料,共收集到183家企业及其22520人次劳动者资料。对相关数据进行汇总、描述和分析。结果噪声作业工人双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB检出率呈逐年递增且随着年龄段和工龄段的增长而增高趋势;男性高于女性;小微企业高于其他类型企业;差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为17.49、226.93、24.94、374.35、116.56,均P<0.05);粉尘作业工人尘肺样改变均为男性,≥50岁年龄段和15~24年工龄段,检出率最高,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为38.25、7.86,均P<0.05);高温作业工人血糖偏高检出率呈逐年递减趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.87,P<0.05);苯关键指标白细胞和中性粒细胞异常检出率女性高于男性,微型企业高于其他类型企业,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别=8.32、9.97,均P<0.05)。职业禁忌证和疑似职业病检出率分别为2.56%和0.12%,均以噪声为主。重点职业病19例,以尘肺和噪声聋为主。结论职业性噪声聋、尘肺和苯中毒为重点关注职业病,小微私有企业是今后重点监管企业。

Objective This paper aims to assess the occupational health risks for major occupational diseases in Kaiping City.Methods The data of occupational health risk assessment for the major occupational diseases in Kaiping City from 2018 to 2021 was collected,totally 183 enterprises and 22,520 workers were collected,and the relevant data were summarized,described and analyzed.Results The detection rate of high frequency average hearing threshold≥40 dB was increasing within years,and it increased with ages and the length of service,the detection rate of males was significantly higher than that of females,cases in small and micro enterprises were significantly higher than those in other enterprises,the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=17.49,226.93,24.94,374.35,116.56,all P<0.05);Pneumoconiosis change of workers exposed to dust were all males,the detection rates were mainly in the age group≥50 years and 5-14 years of service,the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=38.25,7.86,both P<0.05);The detection rate of high blood glucose was decreasing with years among the high temperature-exposed workers,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=8.32,9.97,both P<0.05);The key indicators detection rate of benzene in females was higher than that in males,mainly concentrating in micro-enterprises,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=8.87,P<0.05).The detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases were 2.56%and 0.12%,mainly related to noise.19 cases of major occupational diseases were mainly pneumoconiosis and noise deafness.Conclusion Special attention should be paid to occupational noise deafness,pneumoconiosis and benzene poisoning.Small and micro private enterprises are the key enterprises of occupational health supervision in the future.