中国六省市0~24月龄婴幼儿的喂养状况调查研究

FEEDING STATUS OF INFANTS AND TODDLERS AGED 0-24 MONTHS IN SIX PROVINCES AND CITY IN CHINA

目的 分析中国六省0~24月龄婴幼儿喂养现状。方法 采用自行设计的婴幼儿食品与健康效应智能化管理平台进行数据收集,于2021年6~10月在北京市、湖北省、湖南省、辽宁省、四川省和浙江省进行婴幼儿24h膳食摄入情况的调查。调查内容包括母乳喂养状况、婴儿配方奶粉的使用情况以及辅食添加情况等内容。通过《中国食物成分表(2018)》、婴幼儿配方食品营养素标签信息和相关文献计算婴幼儿各类食物及营养素的摄入量,并与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013版)》(DRIs)中平均摄入量(EAR)或适宜摄入量(AI)进行比较。结果 共纳入2113名婴幼儿,男性1107名,女性1006名;其中0~6月龄811名,7~12月龄743名,13~24月龄559名。6月龄内母乳喂养率为65.5%(531/811),1岁持续母乳喂养率为50.2%(373/743),2岁持续母乳喂养率为13.4%(75/559)。7~12月龄婴幼儿中未达到蛋白质、铁和锌的EAR的比例分别为52.4%、76.9%和41.5%;13~24月龄婴幼儿中未达到蛋白质、钙、铁和锌的EAR的比例分别为66.8%、68.1%、43.1%和59.9%。结论 我国0~24月龄婴幼儿的喂养状况总体较好,但仍存在母乳喂养率偏低、辅食添加时间过早或过晚、辅食添加结构不合理和富含铁的食物摄入不足等问题,应采取针对性措施,以改善婴幼儿喂养状况,促进婴幼儿健康。

Objective To analyze the current feeding status of infants and young children aged 0-24 months in six provinces and city in China. Methods The self-designed infant and toddler foods and health intelligent platform was used for data collection. Dietary data were collected by using a 24-h dietary recall from random samples in Beijing, Hubei, Hunan,Liaoning, Sichuan, and Zhejiang Provinces from June 2021 to October 2021. The investigation included breastfeeding, infant formula and complementary food supplements. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated using the China food composition,infant formula food nutrition labelling and relevant literatures, and then compared with estimated average requirements(EAR)or recommended nutrient intake(RNI)/adequate intake(AI). Results A total of 2113 infants and toddlers(1107 males,1006 females) were included. The distribution of the age of participants were 811 infants aged 0~6 months, 743 infants aged 7-12 months and 559 toddlers aged 13-24 months. The rates of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, continued breastfeeding for 1 year, and continued breastfeeding for 2 years were 65.5%(531/811), 50.2%(373/743), 13.4%(75/559),respectively. The proportions of infants aged 7-12 months not meeting EAR for protein, iron and zinc were 52.4%、76.9% and 41.5%, respectively. The proportions of toddlers aged 13-24 months not meeting EAR for protein, calcium, iron, and zinc were 66.8%、68.1%、43.1% and 59.9%, respectively. Conclusion The feeding status of infants and toddlers aged 0-24 months were generally good. However, problems such as low breastfeeding rates, giving complementary food too early or too late,unreasonable pattern of complementary food and inadequate intake of iron-rich food still remain. Thus, more targeted interventions appear necessary to improve infant and young child feeding and promote healthy growth.