我国普通高校投入产出效率及其影响因素研究——基于2009-2018年省际面板数据的随机前沿分析

A Study on the Input-Output Efficiency of Colleges and Universities in China and Its Influencing Factors:The SFA Based on Inter-provincial Panel Data from 2009 to 2018

投入产出效率是衡量高等教育发展的重要指标。基于投入产出视角,采用面板随机前沿生产函数模型,对2009-2018年我国普通高校办学效率及其影响因素的实证研究发现:我国普通高校办学效率总体状况较好,但社会服务投入冗余相对严重、效率衰减较为明显;不同省际、不同区域的普通高校投入产出效率存在差异,其中东部地区显著高于中部和西部,整体产出效率、社会服务效率的区域差异呈逐年扩大趋势;高学历、高职称专任教师比例以及经费投入比例等投入结构因素对普通高校办学效率具有显著影响作用。基于上述分析,提出增强社会服务能力、提升人力资源效能、优化教育投入结构等改进措施和政策建议,助力提升普通高校办学效率,推动我国高等教育内涵式发展。

The Input-output efficiency is an important indicator of higher education development.From the input-output perspective,the present research conducts an empirical study on the school running efficiency of colleges and universities in China from 2009-2018 and its influencing factors using panel stochastic frontier production function model.It finds that the overall running efficiency is positive.However,the redundancy of social service inputs is relatively high and the decay of efficiency is obvious.In addition,there are differences in the input-output efficiency of colleges and universities among different provinces and regions,with the eastern region being significantly higher than the central and western regions;and the regional differences in the overall output efficiency and social service efficiency are in an increasing trend year by year.Furthermore,input structure factors,such as the proportion of highly educated and qualified full-time teachers,as well as the proportion of funds invested,have a significant effect on the school running efficiency.Based on the above analysis,the present paper proposes measures and policies,such as enhancing social service capacity,improving human resource effectiveness and optimizing education input structure,to boost the running efficiency of colleges and universities and promote the connotative development of higher education in China.