2种紫罗兰种子萌发特性的生态适应意义

Ecological Adaptation Significance of Seed Germination Characteristics of Two Species of Matthiola

[目的]研究2种不同紫罗兰种子的生态适应性。[方法]以分布在新疆荒漠的沙地紫罗兰(Matthiola superba)和园艺栽培种紫罗兰(Matthiola incana)的种子为材料,通过室内控制试验,研究温度、光照、基质含水量等环境因素对2种紫罗兰种子萌发的影响。[结果]2种紫罗兰在5℃~30℃温度范围内均能萌发,但一定范围内的昼夜温差更利于二者的萌发,沙地紫罗兰种子在15/25℃或20/30℃的温周期条件下萌发情况最佳,而紫罗兰适宜在10/20℃或15/25℃的温周期条件下萌发;持续黑暗或半光照/半黑暗条件有利于2种紫罗兰种子的萌发;沙地紫罗兰种子萌发适宜的基质含水量为20%~25%,紫罗兰为15%~20%。[结论]沙地紫罗兰种子遇水产生黏液层、萌发时要求较高的环境温度和土壤湿度、暗环境的萌发特性是对严苛多变的荒漠生态环境的适应。

[Objective] Study on ecological adaptability of two different species of Matthiola seeds. [Method]The effect of temperature,light,soil water content on seed germination of Matthiola superba distributed in the desert of Xinjiang and cultivated species of Matthiola incana were analyzed through controlled-environment experiments. [Result] Two species of Matthiola seeds could germinate within 5℃ ~30℃,but the temperature diurnal range promoted germination of those two species of Matthiola seeds. The optimum germination temperature of M. superba seeds were 15/25℃ or 20/30℃,while the optimum germination temperature of M. incana seeds were 10/20℃ or 15/25℃. Continuous darkness or semi-light/semi-dark promoted seeds germination of two species of Matthiola;The optimal soil water content for germination of M. superba seeds were20%~25%,and optimal soil water content for germination of M. incana seeds were 15%~20%. [Conclusion]M. superba seeds produce mucilage when imbibed in water,require high temperature and soil water content,dark environment,which were the adaptations to harsh and changeable desert ecological environment.