从刑事科学技术到法证科学与技术——基于术语学理论的反思与重构

From criminalistics to forensic science: Reflection and reconstruction based on terminology theory

随着“以审判为中心”的刑事诉讼制度改革的深入推进和证据裁判原则的全面贯彻,对“刑事科学技术”在审判中发挥科技支撑作用提出了更高的要求,但是“刑事科学技术”学科名称体现了浓厚的“部门化”色彩,存在较为明显的局限性,对学科的学术研究和实践应用造成了掣肘。作为“建制化”的学科,继续沿用“刑事科学技术”名称无法有效整合“物证技术”“司法鉴定”“检察技术”等学术领域,对于健全和统一司法鉴定管理体制并无益处。本文运用术语学的理论知识对“刑事科学技术”学科名称存在的问题进行反思,并提出构建“法证科学与技术”这一学科名称,以去除“部门化”色彩,消弭学科名称之争,提高学科的辨识度和影响力,组建更大范围的学术共同体,进而更好地为法治中国和平安中国建设提供服务和支撑。

With the reform of trial-centered litigation and the comprehensive implementation of the principle of evidential adjudication, "Criminalistics" plays a supporting role of science and technology in the trial. However, the disciplinary concept of “Criminalistics” reflects strong departmentalization and has obvious limitations, which causes constraints to the practical application and academic research of the discipline. As an institutionalized discipline, continuing usage of the concept of " Criminalistics", which cannot effectively integrate "physical evidence technology", "judicial appraisal ", "prosecutorial technology" and other academic fields, has no benefit to perfect the judicial appraisal management system. This paper uses the knowledge of terminology to reflect on the problems existing in the discipline name of “Criminalistics” and puts forward the discipline concept of "Forensic Science ", in order to remove the color of departmentalization, eliminate the controversy of discipline concept, improve the identification and influence of discipline, build a wider range of academic community, then better serve to build the rule of law in China and Peaceful China initiative.