从“附理”到“比德”——宋代理学家铭文“象物比德”路径探析

From“Attachment to Metaphorical Theory”to“Metaphorical Virtue”--An Analysis of the Path of“Metaphorical Virtues through Things”from the Neo-Confucianists’Inscriptions in Song Dynasty

铭文“象物比德”传统被宋代理学家进一步承继并开拓,主要表现在两方面:一是理学家扩大了“象物比德”传统的自然取象范围,纳入更多人造日用器物;二是理学家扩大了“德”的内涵,体现为从君子之德到圣人之德,蕴义理于道德。理学家铭文存在一条“象物—附理—比德”的内在理路,实质是依托“理”在“物”与“人”之间搭建中介点,使个体通过“观物取象”实现对形上道德的认识、把握和涵养,充分体现理学道德本位思维之于文体生成转化的统摄作用。

Inscriptions’tradition of“Metaphorical Virtues through Things”was further inherited and developed by the Neo-Confucianists in Song dynasty,and it mainly manifested in two aspects:Firstly,the Neo-Confucianists expanded the scope of the tradition of“Metaphorical Virtues through Things”,and included more man-made daily goods.Secondly,the Neo-Confucianists expanded the connotation of“virtue”from a gentleman to a saint,embodying righteousness in morality.Neo-Confucianists’Inscriptions had an inner rationale of“through things-attaching metaphorical theory-metaphorical virtues”,which essentially relies on“metaphorical theory”in“things”and“people”.The essence is that to build an intermediary point between“things”and“people”by relying on“metaphorical theory”,so that individuals can realize the recognition,grasp and cultivation of morality in form through“getting the essence through things”,fully reflecting the unifying role of the moral-oriented thinking of science in the generation and transformation of the text.