翟灏《通俗编》吴方言词疏证举隅

Synecdoche of Annotations of Wu Dialect in Tong Su Bian(《通俗编》)by Zhai Hao

翟灏《通俗编》具有汉语词源学研究价值、汉语词汇史研究价值、汉语方言词汇史研究价值、汉语语汇史研究价值。研究古今方言词时需要注意方言词的性质、方言词研究的路径、方言词的古今变化等问题。《通俗编》中的“浜”“孛相”“我侬”“艮头”“豆凑”是典型的吴方言词。作“浦名”解的“浜”即为“滨”之俗体,此俗体又发展成为表“安船沟”义的专用字。“白相”则可以理解为“说说看看”发展出“嬉戏”义,也可以说得通。在古今不同时代不同区域方言中,“侬”作单音词,可以用作第一人称、第二人称代词,“我侬”可以用同“我”是同义复词,用同“我们”是附加式合成词,“侬”成了复数标记。“浜”与“滨”、“白相”与“孛相”、“豆凑”与“斗凑”属于词形的变化以及古今方言、南北方言的异同与发展。

Zhai Hao’s Tong Su Bian(《通俗编》)is of great research value in Chinese Etymology,Lexicon History,Dialect Lexicon Historyand lexicology.In researching ancient and presentdialects,attention must be paid to their nature,research approaches,and changes of dialects and so on.“Bang(浜)”,“Boxiang(孛相)”,“Wonong(我侬)”,“Gentou(艮头)”and“Doucou(豆凑)”were typical Wu dialects.When Bang(浜)means“Puming(浦名)”,it equals the popular form of“Bin(滨)”and develops into the special character meaning“Anchuangou”.In different dialects of different times,“Nong(侬)”is a monosyllable character which can be used asboth the first and second person pronouns.When“Wo nong”means“I(我)”,it is a synonym compound word.However,when it means“we(我们)”,it is an additive compound word,thus“Nong(侬)”becomes a marker of plural forms.Changes betweenBang(浜)and Bin(滨),Baixiang(白相)and Boxiang(孛相),“Doucou(豆凑)”and“Doucou(斗凑)”represent not only morphological changes but also similarities and differences betweenancient and present dialectsas well as those betweennorthern and southern dialects.Furthermore,those changes embody the development of dialects of different times and districts.