传感器用银纳米材料研究进展

Progress in the Synthesis of Silver Nanomaterials for Sensors

银纳米材料(AgNPs)有着小外形尺寸效应、量子力学尺寸效应、优良电导率、超高的渗透性等独有的物理化学特性,促使其成为制备纳米传感器的理想化材料。应用银纳米材料制备的传感器兼具精度高、响应速度快、外形尺寸小和能在室温下工作等众多特性,是相当有发展前景的传感器。本文概要了多种形貌AgNPs的制备方法及在传感器应用领域研究与展望:(1)零维AgNPs(球形)一般用物理法、化学法和生物合成法;(2)一维银纳米材料主要用作透明化纳米银膜制成的柔性半导体电子元件;(3)二维AgNPs经常用在导电浆料和电子零件中;(4)三维不规则的银微纳材料用于催化和光感应用。故而,调节制备特定形貌和微观结构的AgNPs依旧是科技领域的关键性研究大方向。

Silver nanomaterials(AgNPs) have unique physical and chemical properties such as small size effect, quantum mechanical size effect, excellent electrical conductivity and ultra-high permeability, which make AgNPs become ideal materials for the preparation of nanosensors. The sensor made of silver nanomaterials has many characteristics, such as high precision, fast response speed, small size and working at room temperature. It is a promising sensor. This paper summarizes the preparation methods of AgNPs with various morphologies and the research and prospect of their applications in sensor fields :(1) zero-dimensional AgNPs(spherical) are generally used by physical, chemical and biosynthesis methods;(2)one-dimensional silver nanomaterials are mainly used as flexible semiconductor electronic components made of transparent silver nanomaterials;(3)two-dimensional AgNPs are often used in conductive pastes and electronic parts;(4) three-dimensional irregular silver micronano materials for catalytic and photosensitive applications. Therefore, the preparation of AgNPs with specific morphology and microstructure is still a key research direction in the field of science and technology.