炸药爆热测量方法及应用的研究进展

Research progress of the measurement method and its application of detonation heat of explosives

爆热是表征炸药能量释放的重要参数。GJB772A—97方法701.1“爆热-恒温法和绝热法”规定了小当量炸药的测试方法,在各类炸药的测量中发挥了重要作用。从炸药爆热的理论计算和测量原理出发,介绍了恒温法和绝热法爆热测试仪的组成和测试方法,分析了高能炸药和金属化炸药的爆热测试结果,以及炸药爆热的影响因素。归纳了爆热测试仪几十年来不断更新和发展动态。TNT当量从50 g增加到300 g,内外桶测温精度和设备自动化程度不断提高,样品平行试验的最大偏差进一步降低。目前,中物院化材所研制的BR300g-I绝热法爆热测试仪是国内最大当量的爆热测试仪,能够满足多种较大尺寸炸药的爆热测试需求。

Detonation heat is an important parameter to characterize the energy release of explosives.GJB772A-97 method 701.1“detonation heat-isothermal and adiabatic method”specifies the test method for small equivalent explosives,which plays an important role in the measurement of various explosives.Based on the theoretical calculation and measurement principle of detonation heat,this paper introduces the composition and measurement method of the isothermal and adiabatic detonation heat calorimeter,analyzes the detonation heat testing results of high energy explosives and metallized explosives,and discusses the influencing factors of detonation heat.The updating and developing trends of explosion heat calorimeters in recent decades are summarized.When the TNT equivalent increases from 50 g to 300 g,the temperature measurement accuracy and the automation degree of equipment of the inner and outer barrels are continuously improving,and the maximum deviation of the sample parallel test further reduces.At present,the BR300g-1 adiabatic detonation heat calorimeter developed by Institute of Chemical Materials under CAEP is the largest equivalent detonation heat calorimeter in China,which can meet the detonation heat measurement requirements of various larger size explosives.