2016—2020年北京市西城区出生缺陷人群监测资料分析

Analysis on the population based monitoring data of birth defect in Xicheng district of Beijing city from 2016 to 2020

目的 了解2016—2020年北京市西城区人群出生缺陷发生情况及影响因素。方法 对2016—2020年期间在北京市西城区居住的产妇所分娩的胎婴儿资料进行分析。结果 2016—2020年共监测76155例胎婴儿,出生缺陷儿1715例,出生缺陷总发生率为22.52‰,出生缺陷发生率呈逐年上升趋势。2016—2020年(2017年除外),位于前三位的出生缺陷均为先天性心脏病、外耳其他畸形和隐睾。男性出生缺陷儿发生率(24.25‰)高于女性(20.67‰),35岁及以上产妇分娩的胎婴儿出生缺陷发生率(26.34‰)高于35岁以下产妇(21.40‰),母亲为本市的出生缺陷儿发生率(25.01‰)高于母亲为外地者(17.90‰),差异有统计学意义。死胎死产儿和42天内死亡的婴儿出生缺陷发生率明显增加,分别为280.00‰、157.89‰。结论 2016—2020年,北京市西城区出生缺陷发生率呈逐年增高趋势,先天性心脏病发生率始终位于首位。男性胎婴儿、母亲为本市户籍及35岁及以上产妇分娩的胎婴儿出生缺陷发生率明显增加。出生缺陷是引起胎婴儿死亡的主要原因。

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of birth defects in population of Xicheng district, Beijing. Methods To analyze the data of fetuses and infants delivered by pregnant women living in Xicheng district of Beijing from 2016 to 2020. Results A total of 1715 cases with birth defect were detected from 76155 births in Xicheng district,Beijing from 2016 to 2020, the overall incidence of birth defect was 22.52‰. The incidence of birth defects is increasing year by year. The top three birth defects were congenital heart disease, other malformations of external ear and cryptorchidism in last five years(except 2017). The rates of birth defects is higher in male(24.25‰), mothers ages ≥35 years(26.34‰) and among these whoes mothers were local household registration(25.01‰) than in female, mother ages<35 years and these whose mothers were mobile household registration, the difference was statistically significant. The incidence of birth defects in stillborn(280.00‰) and infants who died within 42 days(157.89‰) increased significantly. Conclusion The incidence of birth defects in Xicheng district was continuously increasing from 2016 to 2020, the incidence of congenital heart disease is always in the first place. The incidence of birth defects are increased significantly among male fetal infant, these whose mothers were local registration, mothers aged ≥35 years. Birth defects are the main cause of fetal death.