英国官员奥利弗·科尔斯及其涉藏活动探究

A Brief Research on British Official Oliver Robert Coales and His Tibet-related Activities

清末民初,西方一些人打着传教、旅游、探险等名义在康区一带频繁活动,其游历撰写成书或者文章在西方出版发表,引起不小反响。英国人奥利弗·科尔斯长期在华担任领事职务,在打箭炉任职期间曾窜入川边地区开展非法的情报刺探活动,主要有勘测地形路线、进行军事情报搜集、对当地经济社会状况进行调查、同当地权贵进行接触等,在英国干涉我国康藏关系事务中起到了负面作用,对川边治理带来消极影响。

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China period,some western people frequently visited the Kham area( The Periphery Area of Sichuan Province towards Tibet Autonomous Region) in the name of preaching,tourism and exploration,then published their travel notes or articles in western mass media which received a lot of feedback. Oliver Robert Coales,an ambassador of British Embassy in China had launched serval illegal actions in the periphery area of Sichuan province towards Tibet Autonomous Region during his tenure in Dajianlu( Kanding city). Those illegal actions include launching topographical reconnaissance for military intelligence collection,investigating local economic and social conditions,contacting with local powers. These information help United Kingdom interfered the relation between Kham and Tibet in China,and had a negative impact on the governance of the periphery area of Sichuan province towards Tibet Autonomous Region.