清代嘉绒土司馆藏藏文文献内容及其语言文字特征研究

A Study on the Content and Language Characteristics of Tibetan Documents Collected by rGyalrong Tusi Museum in Qing Dynasty

中国第一历史档案馆和台湾故宫博物院藏有嘉绒土司向清政府呈送的件藏文禀文文献,是研究清中央政府与嘉绒地区土司间的隶属关系和清政府治理西南地区的重要史料。通过梳理47件禀文文献中嘉绒土司对清政府的称呼、比喻、诉求、朝贡物品等表述,可理清1758年至1777年间嘉绒各土司间的关系以及嘉绒各土司隶属清政府的历史史实。禀文中藏文注音汉文的表达方式,体现了鲜明的汉藏文化交往交流交融的特征。

The First Historical Archives of China and Taipei Palace Museum collect some Tibetan Bing Wen documents( a type of official document in Qing Dynasty,normally written by subordinate officers to their superiors) submitted by rG yalrong Tusi to the Qing central government. These Bing Wen documents are important historical materials for studying the subordination relationship between the rG yalrong Tusi in southwest area and Qing central government. Through sorting comparing the titles and metaphors of Qing central government,appeals and tribute items to Qing central government that rG yalrong Tusi were used in these 47 Bing Wen documents,it could be found out that the relations among Tusi at different level in rG yalrong and also clarify the historical truth that rG yalrong Tusis were affiliated to Qing central government from 1758 to 1777. The way of using Tibetan phonetic notations on Chinese reflects the Han-Tibetan cultural exchanges and integration.