《格萨尔》史诗中的口语文化研究:启示与困境

A Study on the Orality of Gesar Epic: the Illumination and the Dilemma

《格萨尔》史诗产生于青藏高原,以口语文化为主流的社会文化语境,其情节内容映射出高原游牧社会口语文化的某些特点及人们普遍所持的文化观念、价值追求、社会心态。分析《格萨尔》艺人说唱本的结构、段落设置、修辞等形式特征,透视出口语文化相较于书写文化而言具有特定的思维方式和文化逻辑。当前,《格萨尔》口语文化研究面临难以还原原生口语文化语境及其原初说唱场景,相关概念范畴、分析工具缺失的困境。突破困境的方向在于打破时空限制,借鉴人类学、社会学、历史学等学科的理论与视阈,结合更广阔的文化视野,在更具纵深的历史维度上展开思考与研究。

Tibetan epic Gesar was produced in the social and cultural context in which oral culture is the mainstream of the Tibetan Plateau. This paper analyzes some characteristics of the oral culture of the nomadic society on the plateau reflected by the plot content of the epic,as well as the cultural concepts,value pursuit and social mentality generally held by the people in this society. And through the structure,paragraph setting,rhetoric and other formal features of the artists of Gesar,we can see the unique way of thinking and cultural logic of spoken culture compared with written culture. On the basis of the preliminary exploration of the oral culture of Gesar,this paper points out two major difficulties in the current research in this field: it is difficult to restore the native oral cultural context and the original rap scene of Gesar,and the lack of relevant conceptual categories and analytical tools. Finally,the paper tries to put forward the possible breakthrough research directions and paths for the study of Getha’s spoken language in the future.