外泌体靶向递送核酸类分子研究进展

Research progress on exosome targeted delivery of nucleic acid molecules

外泌体作为纳米级小细胞外囊泡,是生命体内细胞信息传递的重要方式。外泌体由于具有递送效率高、免疫原性低、可跨过多种生物屏障和具有靶向性等特点。促使外泌体成为药物递送载体的重要成员,用以克服某些药物稳定性差、生物利用度不足、溶解度低和毒性高等缺点。本文将主要介绍近年来广泛关注的利用外泌体以囊泡形式作为新型药物递送几种核酸类分子,主要包括小分子核糖核酸、小干扰核糖核酸和脱氧核糖核酸进行综述,本文旨在为发展高效安全的外泌体靶向核酸类分子递送提供理论依据和设计思路,促进其临床转化。

Exosomes,as small nanoscale extracellular vesicles are an important mode of cellular information delivery in living organisms.Exosomes are characterized by high delivery efficiency,low immunogenicity,the ability to cross multiple biological barriers,and targeting properties.This has made exosomes an important member of drug delivery carriers to overcome the disadvantages of poor stability,insufficient bioavailability,low solubility,and high toxicity of some drugs.This article reviews the use of exosomes in vesicle form as novel drug delivery molecules,including micro RNA,small interfering RNA and deoxyribo nucleic acid,which have received much attention in recent years.This article aims to provide a theoretical basis and design ideas for the development of efficient and safe delivery of exosome targeted nucleic acid like molecules and to facilitate their clinical translation.