安徽省部分地区淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染状况调查分析

Survey of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fish in some areas in Anhui Province

目的 了解安徽省部分地区淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染状况,为华支睾吸虫病的防控提供参考。方法 2019—2021 年,在安徽省当涂县、和县、泾县、寿县、濉溪县、太和县及灵璧县等 7 个县的养殖、流通及餐饮环节中采集淡水鱼样本。在不同采样环节,每个采样地点每次采集所获得某一种淡水鱼的总和即为1份样本,每份淡水鱼采样重不少于500 g。通过消化镜检法、聚合酶链式反应(PCR法)及环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP法)平行检测每份样本中的华支睾吸虫,计算阳性份数检出情况。结果 2019—2021年在安徽省39个淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染调查点共采集淡水鱼样本 298 份,涉及淡水鱼 51 种,包括麦穗鱼、棒花鱼、餐条等小型鱼种及鲢鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼等大型鱼种。2019—2021 年,安徽省淡水鱼华支睾吸虫调查点阳性份数检出率分别为 8.16%(8/98)、3.65%(5/137)和 7.93%(5/63);7 个调查县中有 6 个县淡水鱼样本检出华支睾吸虫,阳性份数检出率以当涂县和灵璧县较高,分别为 11.54%(3/26)和 11.11%(2/18)。养殖、流通及餐饮环节淡水鱼样本均检出华支睾吸虫,其中流通环节样本阳性份数检出率较高,为7.81%(10/128),养殖环节为5.77%(6/104),餐饮环节为3.03%(2/66),三个采样环节间阳性份数检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.775,P>0.05)。麦穗鱼、餐条、棒花鱼等小型鱼种华支睾吸虫阳性份数检出率为 12.14%(17/140),其他鱼种阳性份数检出率为 0.60%(1/158),两者差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.327,P<0.05)。结论 安徽省部分地区淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染处在较高水平,感染鱼类主要为小型鱼种,今后应加强淡水鱼监测工作,同时做好食品安全的宣传教育,降低人群华支睾吸虫感染风险。

Objective To understand the infection status of Clonorchis sinensis in freshwater fish in some areas in Anhui Province for evidence in prevention and control of this trematode. Methods Fresh water fish samples were collected from the fish farm, fish markets and catering industries located in Dangtu County, Hexian County, Jingxian County,Shouxian County, Suixi County, Taihe County and Lingbi County between 2019 and 2021. One sample is defined as a kind of freshwater fish obtained at different sampling time, sampling place and sampling link. The sampling quantity of each freshwater fish shall not be less than 500 g. The sample proportion of positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis in the collected samples was detected by digestive microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and analyzed. Results Thirty-nine monitoring sampling sites for Clonorchis sinensis in freshwater fish were set up in Anhui Province between 2019 and 2021. In total, 298 freshwater fish samples were collected,including 51 species like Pseudorasbora parva, Abbottina rivularis, Hemiculter leucisculus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis and Ctenopharyngodon idellus. From 2019 to 2021, the sample proportion of positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis in freshwater fish at monitoring sites in Anhui Province were 8.16% (8/98), 3.65% (5/137) and7.93% (5/63) respectively. Clonorchis sinensis was detected in fresh water fish samples from 6 out of 7 counties investigated. The sample proportion of positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis in fresh water fish was higher in Dangtu County and Lingbi County, 11.54% (3/26) and 11.11% (2/18), respectively. Clonorchis sinensis was detected in the fresh water fish samples collected from fish farm, market and catering sectors. The sample proportion of positive rate was 7.81% (10/128), 5.77% (6/104) and 3.03% (2/66), respectively sampled from fish farm, market and catering sectors. There was no significant difference in the sample proportion of positive rate among the three sampling sectors (χ^(2)=1.775, P>0.05).The sample proportion of positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 12.14% (17/140) for small fish species, such as Pseudorasbora parva, Abbottina rivularis and Hemiculter leucisculus, and 0.60% (1/158) for other fish species. The difference was statistically significant (χ^(2)=17.327, P<0.05). Conclusion The sample proportion of positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis in freshwater fish is relatively higher in some areas in Anhui Province, and small species of fish are most hit. Following work should be focus on strengthening the monitoring of freshwater fish and supplying publicity and education on food safety in order to reduce the risk of Clonorchis sinensis infection in population.