海商法典的体系化和民族性:海上货物运输合同立法的实证研究

Systematization and National Characteristics of Maritime Codes:An Empirical Study of the Legislation of Contracts of Carriage of Goods by Sea under the Chinese Maritime Code

海商法典演进中呈现出勃兴、扩张与简约的趋向。海商法法典体系存在一定的差异性,但其体系演进中一直维系着海上货物运输合同的强制性体制。作为提单或者运输单证所证明的合同,海上货物运输合同迥异于航次租船合同。海商法典内部体系下我国《海商法》关于航次租船合同立法例存在瑕疵,这是由《海商法》下海上货物运输合同的本质和范围决定的。作为海商法典体系化中衍生品的民族性,为理解内河航运纳入我国《海商法》下海上货物运输立法的可能性和可行性提供了合理路径。因此,通过规范配置等立法技术和立法理念的革新,厘清和重构我国《海商法》下海上货物运输立法是可行的。

The evolution of maritime codes has shown a tendency of growth,expansion and simplification.Maritime code systems vary across countries,but their evolution has consistently retained the compulsory nature of contracts of carriage of goods by sea.Generally,contracts of carriage of goods by sea,which are evidenced by bills of lading or similar transport documents,differ vastly from voyage charters.It has been proved that there exist defects in the legislation concerning voyage charters under Chapter IV of the Chinese Maritime Code(CMC) in respect of the internal system of the maritime code.This results from the mandatory regime and adjustment scope of the contracts of carriage of goods by sea under the CMC.Furthermore,the national characteristics of the systemization of maritime codes play a crucial role in enhancing the legal system of Chapter IV under the CMC,especially as an approach to understanding the possibility and feasibility of codifying inland transport contracts into the CMC legal system.Therefore,it is feasible to clarify the adjustment scope of Chapter IV under the CMC through the innovation of legislative technology and legislative concepts such as allocation of legal rules.