阳明心学的价值取向

The Value Orientation of Yangming’s Mind-heart Theory

心学的观念不仅体现了独特的哲学进路,而且展现了其价值的取向。心学以良知为核心观念,在价值观的意义上,良知内在地包含人性关切或仁道关怀,不把人看成物或工具。心学的另一重要命题是“心即理”,其涵义之一表现为个体意识和普遍规范或普遍原则之间的统一。这种统一背后的价值意义,表现为对个体权利与群体责任的双重肯定。以心为体所隐含的意义关切与良知所内含的责任意识相结合,进一步引向天下的情怀。在王阳明那里,这种天下情怀具体表现为万物一体的观念,其中蕴含着走出封闭的自我、以仁道方式对待他人的意向。以“心”为体所隐含的意义关切、“良知”所内含的责任意识、“万物一体”所涉及的天下情怀,同时面临着具体落实的问题。在王阳明心学中,这一问题与“知”和“行”的关系相涉,后者意味着现实世界或意义世界是以人的参与和建构活动为基础的,而真正的参与同时表现为实际的做事过程。

The concept of mind-heart theory not only embodies the unique philosophical approach,but also shows its value orientation.The concept of innate conscience as the core of mind-heart theory,in the sense of values,innate conscience inherently contains human concern or benevolent care,which is different from the value orientation of people as objects or tools.Another important proposition of mind-heart theory is“xin(mind) is li(principle)”.One of its meanings is the unity between individual consciousness and universal norms or principles.The value behind this unity is manifested in the double affirmation of individual rights and group responsibilities.The combination of the meaning concern implied by the mind as the body and the sense of responsibility implied by the innate conscience further leads to the feelings of the world.In Wang Yangming’s view,the feelings of the world are specifically expressed as the concept of the unity of all things,which contains the intention to go out of the closed self and treat others in a benevolent way.The sense of concern implied by “mind”,the sense of responsibility implied by “innate conscience”,and the feelings of the world involved in “unity of all things” are also faced with specific implementation problems.In Wang Yangming’s mind-heart study,this issue is related to the relationship between “knowing” and “doing”,which means that the real world or the meaningful world is based on human participation and construction activities,while real participation is also reflected in the actual process of doing things.