论文学经典化中的文化权力转移与文明新识

Cultural Power Transfer and New Consensus of Civilization in the Canonization of Literature

文学经典的生成、演变与流传,与近现代社会制度、文化权利转移和审美体制形成有密切关系,具体呈现为“经典化”“去/反经典化”“再经典化”的相关机制与过程。秉承知识社会学立场的文化研究、跨文化研究以及文化人类学、女性主义、后殖民主义等理论流派,以“上-下对冲”的文化权力斗争方式,破坏了现代主义构建的文化“板结”,“冲决”了知识领域的“割据”与思想领域的“等级”,并将传统经典生成的“潜规则”公诸于众——貌似严肃庄重和苦大仇深的历代经典其实是一种历史的“合谋”。不断涌现的文学经典的时代重构,蕴藏着文化权力的斗争与文学场域的博弈,也带来了思想视域的拓展与文明新识的构建。“二战”后兴起且至今盛行的女性批评,带来了性别政治的两性发现与两性平衡的文明更新,文学经典的历史浮沉与权力转移浸透着思想的能量和文明的忧思。

The generation of literary classics is the choice of the times and the precipitation of history,governed by aesthetic standards and theoretical interests,which appeared as the relevant mechanism and process of Canonization,De/Anti-canonization,and Re-canonization.Adhering to the standpoint of sociology knowledge,with the power struggle of top-bottom hedging,cultural studies,cross-cultural studies,cultural anthropology,feminism,post-colonialism,and other theoretical schools,have destroyed the cultural Solidification constructed by modernism,breached the separatist regime in the area of knowledge and the hierarchy in the field of thought,and made public the hidden rules generated by traditional classics——the seemingly solemn and bitter classics of all ages are a kind of historical collusion.The reconstruction of literary classics that keep emerging in the times not only embodies the struggle for cultural power and the game of the literary field but also brings about the expansion of the ideological horizon and the construction of a new consensus of civilization.Female criticism,which arose after World War II and is still prevalent today,has brought about the discovery of gender politics and the civilizational renewal of gender balance,and the literary classics are saturated with the energy of ideas and civilizational worries in their historical drift and power transfer.