中国传统民居中“仿木构”现象探析

Analysis of the Phenomenon of “Imitating Timberwork” in Chinese Traditional Folk House

文章聚焦汉族儒家文化影响下中国传统民居中广泛存在的“仿木构”现象。首先在总结中国传统民居建筑材料使用概况的基础上,解析“仿木构”的概念并进行原因探源;然后结合案例,对典型的“仿木构”现象类型进行分析:一是砖仿木组件,做法有清水和浑水两种,通过牌楼门、门罩和影壁三类进行说明;二是砖、石、铁仿仿木构件,通过窗子、博缝板和门过梁石三类进行解析;三是“仿木构”壁画,通过构架壁画、门楼壁画和窗壁画展开论述;最后总结“仿木构”现象的地域特征,以及对当今建筑装饰和设计的意义。

This article focuses on the phenomenon of the popular “imitating timberwork” used in Chinese traditional folk house as influenced by the Confucian culture of Han. Firstly, the concept of “imitating timberwork” is brought into scrutiny with an exploring of causes on the basis of summarizing the building materials used in Chinese traditional folk house. Then by combing with cases the typical variations of “imitating timberwork” phenomenon are taken into analysis: first, the brick imitated wood subassembly that has two types of construction methods including clear water and muddy water, which are explained via three categories: archway gate, gate cover and shadow wall;the second is the brick, stone and iron imitated wood components, which are undergoing analysis via three categories:windows, seam plates and gate lintel;the third of “imitating timberwork” mural is demonstrated through the frame mural, gatehouse mural and window mural. Finally, this paper comes to a conclusion of the regional characteristics of the phenomenon of “imitating timberwork”,and what’s the significance for the contemporary architectural decorations and designs.