鼻咽癌放疗患者社交回避因素的描述性质性研究

Influencing factors of social avoidance in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer undergoing radiotherapy:a descriptive qualitative study

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗患者社交回避的引发因素,为制订针对性护理策略提供依据。方法采用描述性质性研究方法,以目的抽样法选取12例鼻咽癌放疗患者为研究对象,对患者进行半结构式访谈,根据内容分析法对资料进行分析并提炼主题。结果提炼出3个主题7个亚主题,即理想自我形象构建无能(包括面对面交流困难、潜在的负面评价),自我价值感削弱(现实的无效应对、社交活动参与度降低、加重家庭负担的愧疚感),社会支持缺乏(亲友认同支持不足、专业支持不足)。结论医护人员需重视鼻咽癌患者社交回避的影响因素,加强医院、社区、家庭的协同合作,增强患者的自我价值感,减轻鼻咽癌放疗患者社交心理负担,使其重返社交环境。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of social avoidance in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC)undergoing radiotherapy,and to provide a basis for developing targeted nursing strategies for the same population.Methods A total of 12 NPC patients undergoing radiotherapy were selected as the participants by purposive sampling method.Descriptive qualitative research design was used for the study and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect dada.Content analysis method was performed for data analysis and theme extraction.Results Three themes and seven sub-themes were extracted,namely,the inability to build an ideal self-image(including difficulties in face-to-face communication and potential negative evaluation),the weakening of self-value(ineffective response to reality,lower engagement in social activities,and the guilt of aggravating the family burden),and lack of social support(insufficient recognition support of relatives and friends,and insufficient professional support).Conclusion Medical staff should pay attention to the influencing factors of social avoidance of NPC patients,strengthen the coordination and cooperation of hospitals,communities and families,enhance patients′sense of self-value,reduce their social psychological burden,and enable them to return to the social environment.