生物炭固定化微生物修复污染土壤研究进展

Research progress of biochar immobilized microorganism in soil pollution remediation

生物炭固定化微生物技术具有高效、成本低和环境友好性的优点,在土壤修复中展现出巨大的应用潜力,成为目前的研究热点。本文在系统总结国内外生物炭固定化微生物技术修复污染土壤的最新研究进展基础上,重点分析了生物炭作为载体的适宜性,探讨了微生物筛选的重要性,对比分析了固定化方法(如吸附法、包埋法、交联法和共价结合法等),探究了不同环境因素对生物炭固定化微生物技术修复污染土壤效果的影响,揭示了生物炭与微生物修复重金属和有机污染土壤过程中多种作用机制的协同效应,既包括生物炭作为固定化载体对微生物的保护及快速定殖作用,也包括生物炭对污染物的吸附作用,还包括微生物对污染物的降解作用。最后,对该技术在土壤污染修复中的应用提出了展望和建议。

The biochar immobilized microorganism technology is a highly efficient,low cost,and environmentally friendly technology.As it demonstrates great potential in soil remediation application,it has drawn tremendous research interest.This study systematically summarized the latest research progress of biochar immobilized microbial technology for remediation of contaminated soil in China and abroad.Based on this,the suitability of biochar as a carrier was analyzed,importance of microbial screening was discussed and comparative analysis of immobilization methods(such as adsorption,embedding,crosslinking,and covalent binding,among others)was carried out.Following this,the effects of different environmental factors on soil remediation performance by biochar immobilized microbial technology were investigated.The synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms of biochar and microbial remediation towards heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil was thus revealed.The mechanisms included the protection and rapid colonization of microorganisms by biochar as the immobilized carrier,the adsorption of pollutants by biochar,and the degradation of pollutants by microorganisms.Finally,the study put forward prospects and suggestions for the application of biochar immobilization microbial technology in soil pollution remediation.