土壤改良基质对土壤性状及微生物群落的影响

Effects of the application of soil amended substrate medium on soil properties and microbial communities

为了研究发酵腐熟的秸秆作为有机添加基质(SM)与化肥联合施用对小麦产量和土壤微生物群落及多样性的影响,本研究对我国小麦-玉米典型低产区——黄河故道(以沙壤土为主)进行了基质不同施用量的田间试验,试验包括5个处理:化肥(CK,无土壤改良基质),3000 kg·hm^(-2)的土壤改良基质(SM1),6000 kg·hm^(-2)的土壤改良基质(SM2),9000 kg·hm^(-2)的土壤改良基质(SM3),12000 kg·hm^(-2)的土壤改良基质(SM4),所有处理的化肥用量与CK相同。研究分析了不同SM添加下小麦产量,土壤性状和营养及微生物群落结构的变化。结果显示该有机改良剂提高了小麦产量,产量最高达到了8276.40 kg·hm^(-2),是CK组的1.32倍。同时也增加了16S和18S基因的拷贝数,峰值分别达到CK的15.3倍和7.8倍,并改变了真菌的微生物群落结构,提高了微生物群落的多样性。随着SM的施用量增加,土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮和土壤多种酶活也同步增加。典型相关分析结果表明微生物生物量碳和有机质对土壤真菌群落结构的影响最为显著。研究表明,SM作为有机改良剂可以提高黄河故道由于河流冲击形成的低产沙壤土地区的小麦产量。

A one-year field study was conducted to study the effects of the combined application of chemical fertilizer and soil amended substrate medium(SM),made from fermented and decomposing straw,on wheat yield and the soil microbial community in a typically lowyielding wheat-maize rotation area of the Yellow River died-riverway.The wheat yield and soil microbial community were subjected to five treatments:chemical fertilizer(CK,no soil amended substrate medium),3000 kg·hm^(-2)soil amended substrate medium(SM1),6000 kg·hm^(-2)soil amended substrate medium(SM2),9000 kg·hm^(-2)soil amended substrate medium(SM3),and 12000 kg·hm^(-2)soil amended substrate medium(SM4).In all the treatments,same amounts of chemical fertilizer were used.On treatment,the crop yield,soil properties,nutrition,and microbial community were analyzed.The results showed that the SM input increased the wheat production with the highest being 8276.40 kg·hm^(-2),which is 1.32 times higher than the CK.Soil fertilization also increased the 16S and 18S gene copies and microbial diversity,of which the 15.3 folds and 7.8 folds were highest as the control,respectively.Increase in SM application proportionately increased the soil microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,and various enzyme activities.The composition of soil fungal community was reported to be different for SM and CK.The study thus finds that microbial biomass carbon and soil organic matter are the main soil characteristics leading to the changes of the soil fungal community structure.Our research demonstrates an amendment strategy using SM as a source of organic matter for the improvement of sandy loam that has the potential to increase crop yield in alluvial sediments of the Yellow River.