CRISPR-Cas9技术介导蔬菜作物遗传改良研究进展

Research progress of CRISPR-Cas9 technology application and achievement in vegetable crops genetic improvement

在植物中,CRISPR-Cas基因组编辑技术是一种改变基因功能并改良作物品种的新技术。与传统育种相比,CRISPR-Cas是一种操作简单、低成本、高效精准的技术,并且脱靶风险较低。蔬菜作物富含膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质,对人类健康至关重要。然而,随着气候环境的变化,生物和非生物胁迫对蔬菜的生产构成严重威胁,影响品质和产量。在综述中,概述了CRISPR技术发展史、CRISPR-Cas工具箱的组成、现有Cas蛋白的变体、CRISPR-Cas元件转化到植物中的方法以及基因编辑系统在蔬菜作物遗传改良应用中的具体案例,最后提出了CRISPR-Cas技术在蔬菜育种中的挑战和应用前景。

In plants,CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology is a new technique to alter gene functions to generate improved crop varieties.Compared with traditional breeding,CRISPR-Cas is a simple,low-cost,efficient and accurate technology with a lower risk of off-target effects.Vegetable crops are rich in dietary fiber,vitamins and minerals,which are essential for human health.However,with the change of climate and environment,biotic and abiotic stresses pose a serious threat to vegetable production,affecting the quality and yield.In this review,the history of CRISPR technology,the components of CRISPR-CAS toolbox,the variants of existing Cas proteins,the methods of transforming CRISPR-CAS elements into plants,and the specific cases of gene editing systems in the genetic improvement of vegetable crops were summarized.Finally,the challenges and application prospects of CRISPR-Cas technology in vegetable breeding were put forward.