咸丰白术种子生物学特性研究

Biological characteristics of Atractylodes macrocephala seeds from Xianfeng County

以白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.)种子为试材,通过测定形态、千粒重、生活力、吸水特性、水分含量和发芽率,探究咸丰不同地区白术种子的生物学特性以及适宜的消毒方式和激素处理,为发掘地区优势种源和开发种苗高效繁育技术奠定研究基础。结果表明,咸丰不同地区白术种子在形态、生活力和吸水特性等方面无显著差异。李子溪2的白术种子千粒重最大,活龙坪的白术种子水分含量最高,中心场的白术种子发芽率最高。使用5%高锰酸钾、3%过氧化氢、75%酒精和3%次氯酸钠进行消毒均可显著降低白术种子的霉变率,其中3%次氯酸钠消毒效果较好,且对白术种子萌发具有一定的促进作用,而75%酒精对白术种子萌发具有很强的抑制作用。相比于对照处理,100、200、400 mg/L的GA_(3)对白术种子萌发具有显著的促进作用,发芽率增幅均为20.4%。5、10、20 mg/L的IAA对白术种子的萌发有显著的促进作用,发芽率增幅分别为31.0%、25.9%和24.3%。5 mg/L和10 mg/L的6-BA对白术种子的萌发也具有显著的促进作用,相比于对照处理,发芽率增幅分别为27.1%和32.2%。综上表明,中心场的白术种子活力、发芽率和发芽势最高,可初步作为咸丰的优势种源。种子消毒处理以3%次氯酸钠浸泡15 min为宜。100~400 mg/L的GA_(3)、5~20 mg/L的IAA以及5~10 mg/L的6-BA对白术种子萌发均具有较好的促进效果。

Atractylodes macrocephalaseeds were used as test materials to learn the biological characteristics of A.macrocephala seeds from different regions of Xianfeng through determination of their morphology,thousand kernel weight,vigor,water absorption,water content and germination rate.Meanwhile,the disinfection method and hormone treatment were studied so as to lay the foundation for exploring excellent seeds and developing efficient seedling breeding methods of A.macrocephala.The results showed that there was no significant difference in morphology,viability and water absorption among A.macrocephala seeds from different regions of Xianfeng.The seeds from Lizixi2,Huolongping and Zhongxinchang possessed higher thousand kernel weight,water content and germination rate,respectively,compared with the seeds from other regions.5% potassium permanganate,3% hydrogen peroxide,75% ethanol and 3% sodium hypochlorite could significantly reduce the mildew rate of A.macrocephala seeds,among which 3% sodium hypochlorite showed good germicidal efficacy and improved the seed germination rate,while 75% ethanol strongly inhibited the seed germination.Compared with the control,100,200 and 400 mg/L GA_(3)all increased the seed germination rate by 20.4%.5,10 and 20 mg/L IAA significantly increased the seed germination rate by 31.0%,25.9% and 24.3%,respectively.5 mg/L and 10 mg/L 6-BA remarkably increased the seed germination rate by 27.1% and 32.2%,respectively.In conclusion,the A.macrocephala seeds from Zhongxinchang possessed higher vigor,germination rate and germination potential than seeds from other regions,which could be used as dominant seed resources in Xianfeng.The best method of disinfection was soaking seeds in 3% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min.Moreover,100~400 mg/L GA_(3),5~20 mg/L IAA and 5~10 mg/L 6-BA were beneficial for the germination of A.macrocephala seeds.