犏牛雄性不育研究进展

Research Progress on Male Sterility of Cattle-yak

犏牛是牦牛与普通牛杂交所产后代,在肉乳性能方面具有明显的杂种优势,在高寒牧区占有重要的经济和生态地位。然而犏牛雄性不育,该现象的发生机制一直是牦牛杂交改良中关注的热点。大量研究表明,雄性犏牛睾丸组织发育不良、相关生精基因表达紊乱,同时,DNA甲基化、RNA甲基化和非编码RNA修饰等表观遗传因素在犏牛雄性不育发生过程中起着重要作用。文章从组织学、细胞学、内分泌学和组学等方面总结了犏牛雄性不育机理的研究进展,旨在为解析犏牛雄性不育机制提供技术参考,并为牦牛杂交改良提供研究思路。

The cattle-yak is the offspring of the crossbreeding of yak and cattle, which has obvious heterosis in meat and milk performance, and plays an important economic and ecological role in alpine pastoral areas. However, the male sterility of the cattle-yak conforms to Haldane’s law. The male sterility mechanism of cattle-yak is always the focus of yak crossbreeding.Studies have shown that the testicular tissue of the cattle-yak is poorly developed, and the expression of a large number of spermatogenic related genes is disordered. Meanwhile, the epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, RNA methylation, and non-coding RNA modification play an important role in regulating this process. In this paper, we summarized the research progress of male sterility mechanism of cattle-yak from histology, cytology, endocrinology, histology and other omics, in order to provide technical reference for analyzing the male sterility mechanism of cattle-yak and provide research ideas for crossbreeding improvement of yak.