乡村治理视角下农户社会资本测度与群体差异——以苏北地区为例

Measurement and Group Differences of Farmers’Social Capital from the Perspective of Rural Governance——A Case Study of Northern Jiangsu Province

科学评估农户社会资本状况与群体差异,以提升农户社会资本水平,发挥社会资本对乡村治理的正向作用,推动实现乡村治理现代化。基于乡村治理的视角,从社会网络、社会信任、社会声望、社会参与和社会规范5个维度构建指标体系,运用CRITIC法确定指标权重测度农户社会资本状况,并采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析法分析了不同群体间的差异。结果发现:各维度的权重大小依次为社会规范、社会信任、社会参与、社会声望、社会网络。农户社会资本指数均值为0.608,5个维度得分从高到低依次为社会信任(0.755)>社会参与(0.631)>社会声望(0.620)>社会规范(0.588)>社会网络(0.417)。新老两代农户间社会资本不存在显著差异;不同教育背景农户间的社会资本指数及社会网络、社会参与、社会规范具有显著差异,且均随着家庭成员最高学历的升高呈上升趋势;不同成员身份农户的社会资本指数及社会网络、社会信任、社会声望、社会参与具有显著差异,家庭成员中有村干部、党员、军人(含退伍)的农户的这几个指标均高于普通农户。调研地区农户社会资本状况处于较低水平,加强教育培训、提升政治素养可以提高农户的社会资本水平,并提出了立足根本问题和群体差异,采取差异化手段培育农户社会资本的对策。

This study scientifically evaluated the status of farmers’social capital and group differences,in order to increase farmers’social capital,leverage the positive effect of social capital on rural governance,and promote the modernization of rural governance.From the perspective of rural governance,this study created an index system for farmers’social capital with five dimensions,including social network,social trust,social reputation,social participation,and social norms.The CRITIC method was adopted to determine the weight of indicators for the measurement of farmers’social capital.Independent-sample t test and one-way ANOVA method were used to analyze the differences among different groups.The results show that:the weights of the dimensions from large to small are social norms,social trust,social participation,social reputation and social network.The average value of farmers’social capital index is 0.608,and the scores of the five dimensions from high to low are social trust(0.755),social participation(0.631),social reputation(0.620),social norms(0.588)and social network(0.417).There is no significant intergenerational difference in farmers’social capital;social capital index,social network,social participation and social norms show significant differences according to the educational level of farmers,and show an upward trend with the rising of the highest level of educational attainment of family members.There are significant differences in social capital index,social network,social trust,social reputation and social participation among farmers with different social identities,these indicators of rural families with members of village cadres,party members and soldiers(including veterans)are higher than those of other rural families.The social capital of farmers in the survey area is at a low level,and it can be increased by the provision of education and training,as well as improving the political literacy of farmers.Based on fundamental problems and group differences,this paper puts forward solutions to cultivate farmers’social capital by differentiated measures.