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4种昆虫蛋白粉对草鱼生长和免疫功能的影响 被引量:3

Effects of Four Insect Protein Powders on Growth and Immunity of Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
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摘要 研究草鱼配合饲料中添加4种昆虫蛋白粉部分替代豆粕对其生长和免疫功能的影响。试验采用蚕蛹粉(Silkworm chrysalis meal, SC50)、黑水虻幼虫粉(Black soldier fly larvae meal,BSFLM50)、黄粉虫粉(Tenebrio molitor meal, TM30)和蝇蛆粉(House fly maggot meal, HF25)分别替代草鱼基础饲料中的豆粕(Soybean meal, SM),配制成5种等氮(粗蛋白水平为32.0%)、等脂(脂肪水平为4.9%)的饲料,饲喂草鱼[初始体质量(7.85±0.27)g]8周后,评估其生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸的含量以及脂多糖(LPS)和聚肌胞苷酸(poly I:C)处理肝细胞24 h后免疫相关基因的表达变化。结果显示,与SM组相比,不同昆虫粉饲喂的草鱼末重和特定生长率的变化均不显著(P>0.05),血清中总蛋白(TP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量也未发生显著变化(P>0.05),但BSFLM50、SC50和HF25组的葡萄糖(GLU)显著升高(P<0.05);HF25组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著高于SM组(P<0.05)。与SM组相比,除TM30组外,BSFLM50、SC50和HF25组肌肉中∑n-3 PUFA(Polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA)的含量均显著升高(P<0.05),∑n-3/n-∑6 PUFA也显著增加(P<0.05);SC50组的苯丙氨酸和TM30组的亮氨酸均显著低于SM组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲喂SC50昆虫粉的草鱼肝细胞中TGF-β1的表达量仅LPS处理后显著升高(P<0.05),而促炎因子NF-κB在饲喂BSFM50、TM30和HF25的草鱼肝细胞经LPS处理后均显著下调(P<0.05)。综上所述,4种昆虫粉替代豆粕后均不会影响草鱼生长,且25%的蝇蛆粉替代豆粕可提高草鱼血清中HDL-C及肌肉中谷氨酸的含量,并抑制NF-κB的表达。 This experiment was a comparative study of four different insect protein meals replacing soybean meal in grass carp formula feed. In the experiment, silkworm chrysalis meal, black soldier fly larvae meal, Tenebrio molitor meal, and house fly maggot meal were used to replace 0(SM), 50%(SC50),50%(BSFLM50), 30%(TM30) and 25%(HF25) soybean meal in grass carp basic feed respectively to prepare five kinds of feeds with equal nitrogen(protein level is 32%) and equal fat(fat level is 4.9%). After grass carp [initial body mass(7.85 ± 0.27) g]fed for 8 weeks, the growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes, the contents of muscle amino acids and fatty acids, and the expression changes of immune-related genes in hepatocytes treated with LPS and poly(I: C)for 24 hours were detected. The results showed that compared with SM group, there were no significant changes in FBW and SGR of grass carp fed with different insect meal(P>0.05). The contents of TP, ALP, ALT and AST in serum did not change significantly(P>0.05), Serum glucose content was significantly increased in BSFLM50, SC50, and HF25groups(P<0.05). HDL-C in HF25 group was significantly higher than that in SM group(P<0.05). Compared with SM group, except TM30 group, the content of ∑n-3 PUFA in muscles of BSFLM50, SC50and HF25 groups was increased significantly(P<0.05), and ∑n-3/∑n-6 PUFA was increased significantly(P<0.05). Phe content in SC50 group and Leu content in TM30 group was significantly lower than that in SM group(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expression of TGF-β1 in hepatocytes of SC50 group was significantly increased with LPS treatment(P<0.05). While the expression level of NF-κB in grass carp hepatocytes of BSFLM50, TM30 and HF25 group was significantly decreased with LPS treatment(P<0.05). This study showed that the replacement of soybean meal with four kinds of insect powder did not affect the growth of grass carp, and the growth effect of HF25 group was the best. In addition, the replacement of soybean meal in HF25 group could increase the HDL-C content in serum and the glucose in muscle, and reduce NF-κB expression.
作者 余维鹏 陈延娜 张玉茹 林梦君 徐歆歆 曹香林 卢荣华 YU Weipeng;CHEN Yanna;ZHANG Yuru;LIN Mengjun;XU Xinxin;CAO Xianglin;LU Ronghua(College of Fisheries,Henan Normal University,Henan Xinxiang 453007,China)
出处 《饲料工业》 CAS 北大核心 2023年第2期81-88,共8页 Feed Industry
基金 NSFC-河南省联合基金[U1704109] 河南省重点科技攻关项目(国家科技合作领域)[182102410031] 新乡市科技攻关项目[GG2019001]。
关键词 草鱼 昆虫蛋白粉 豆粕 生长性能 体成分 免疫 Grass carp insect meals soybean meal growth performance body composition immune
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