酶解豆粕饲料对草鱼肠道微生物菌群结构的影响

Effects of Different Proportion of Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Soybean Meal on The Growth and Intestinal Microflora of Ctenopharyngodon idellus

研究旨在观察饲料不同比例酶解豆粕(ESM)的添加对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)生长性能及肠道微生物的影响,筛选适宜的ESM添加比例。选用初始体重为(55.39±1.82)g的草鱼作为研究对象,共配制4组蛋白含量相同的饲料,ESM的添加量分别为0(对照组)、32%、36%和40%,每组3个平行,养殖8周后对草鱼的生长性能及肠道微生物组成进行分析。结果表明,饲料中添加32%ESM,草鱼增重率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但添加比例为36%对特定生长率无显著影响,添加比例为40%时则呈现显著性降低(P>0.05);高通量测序结果表明,32%ESM草鱼肠道菌群Alpha多样性指数与对照组无显著影响(P>0.05),随着ESM替代比例的增高,Alpha多样性指数显著降低(P<0.05)。此外,32%ESM组草鱼肠道普拉梭菌(Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii)和马氏副球菌(Paracoccus mar-cusii)等有益菌丰度最高,但当ESM比例为40%时,显著降低了梭杆菌门比例(P<0.05)。嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)随着ESM添加量的增加而增多。结果提示,饲料中添加32%ESM能促进草鱼的生长性能和改善肠道菌群,过高添加量会导致生长性能下降和肠道菌群结构改变,不利于草鱼的养殖。

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of Enzymatic Soybean Meal(ESM) on growth performance, intestinal microbe composition, and the best ESM formula in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Three hundred grass carps(55.39±1.82) g were randomly assigned four groups and each group contain three replicates. The groups received the same basal diet supplemented with 0 ESM(control), 32% ESM, 36% ESM and 40% ESM respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that:(1) WGR and SCR of grass carp in 32% ESM group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). But the addition proportion of 36% had no significant effect on the specific growth rate, while the addition proportion of 40% showed a significant reduction ESM(P>0.05);(2) High-throughput sequencing results showed that no significant different in Alpha diversity index between 32% ESM and control group(P>0.05), but the Alpha diversity index decreased significantly with ESM increasing(P<0.05);(3) The 32% ESM group had the highest abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Paracoccus marcusii, but when the ESM ratio was 40%, the proportion of Fusobacterium was significantly reduced(P<0.05). Akkermansia muciniphila increased with the addition of ESM. These results indicated that 32% ESM could promote the growth performance and intestinal microflora of grass carp.