视觉城市的形态与意象——读《城市意象》

The Form and Image of Visual City:Reading"The Image of the City"

林奇的《城市意象》以波士顿、新泽西和洛杉矶为考察对象,以可读性为核心要旨,科学提炼出构成城市意象的五要素:道路、边界、区域、节点和标志物。要素是形态,是构成意象的基础,也是10项形态特征的建构方法。形态多样性而非同质性让城市成为复调与变调相鸣和的综合艺术。由于城市意象是复杂社会的强有力的象征,它的可读性就是清晰了解城市结构与个性的关键。但基于五要素形成的公众意象带有较明显的主观印象,因此意象在生活空间导向方面强调实用上的充实与真实、选择上的安全性以及清晰的传达角度。总之,城市意象不是一个简单综合的意象,而是相互重叠、相互关联的一组意象。中国风水理论或许可为设计师提供一些方法和线索,以便建构一组不压抑的意象。

Lynch’s"The Image of the City"takes Boston,New Jersey and Los Angeles as the objects of study,and takes readability as the core thrust to scientifically extract the five elements that constitute the city image:roads,borders,regions,nodes and landmarks.Elements are forms,the basis of image formation,and the construction method of 10 morphological features.The diversity of forms rather than homogeneity makes the city a comprehensive art of polyphony and tone sandhi.As the city image is a powerful symbol of a complex society,its readability is the key to a clear understanding of the city structure and personality.However,the public image formed based on the five elements has a more obvious subjective impression,so the image emphasizes practical enrichment and authenticity,selection security and clear communication angle in the aspect of living space orientation.In a word,The Image of the City is not a simple and comprehensive image,but a group of overlapping and interrelated images.The Chinese geomantic omen theory may provide designers with some methods and clues to construct a set of non repressive images.