乡村设计:一种设计的新视角

Rural Design:A New Perspective of Design

中国长时间的城乡二元结构造成乡村发展远远滞后于城市。今天,中国逐步进入后乡村社会,传统“乡村性”逐步瓦解,新“乡村性”正在建构,乡村振兴的重要性和复杂性促使我们必须以一种整体的、系统的、多学科协同的方式设计乡村。乡村设计是以具体乡村为对象,运用设计思维、流程和方法构建针对性的发展方案和路径。这种新视角的提出,有益于打破以往规划、景观、生态、产业、文化等各乡建领域断裂区隔的状态。文章简要梳理了国内外乡村设计研究的历史与现状,结合北京市南湾村的案例,说明为何需要构建这一新的设计类型以及它的主要特点和内容框架。

China’s long-standing urban-rural dual structure has caused rural development to lag far behind urban development.Today,China is gradually entering a post rural society,the traditional"rural nature"is gradually disintegrating,and the new"rural nature"is being constructed.The importance and complexity of rural revitalization urge us to design the countryside in a holistic,systematic and multidisciplinary way.Rural design takes specific villages as the object,and uses design thinking,processes and methods to build targeted development plans and paths.The proposal of this new perspective is beneficial to breaking the previous state of fragmentation in planning,landscape,ecology,industry,culture and other rural construction fields.The article brief ly combs the history and current situation of rural design research at home and abroad,and explains why it is necessary to build this new type of design and its main characteristics and content framework in combination with the case of Nanwan Village in Beijing.