强基计划的招生公平与质量研究:多种招生方式比较的视角

Research on the Equity and Quality of Enrollment in the Strengthening Basic Disciplines Plan:A Comparative Perspective of Multiple Enrollment Methods

基于某所强基计划试点高校两级本科新生的调查数据,运用多种计量模型,比较同院系内被不同方式录取的学生在基本特征、学业准备和专业兴趣上的差异,从公平和质量两个维度评价强基计划的人才选拔效果。研究发现:从公平的角度来看,在控制高考成绩后,强基生与同年级统招生在高中类型和家庭特征方面没有显著差异,强基生与上一级自招生在高中类型与多类家庭特征上也无明显差异;从质量的角度来看,强基生的高考成绩显著低于同届统招生,但显著高于上一级自招生,而在专业兴趣方面三类学生没有显著差异。据此提出优化强基计划人才选拔质量和保障招考公平的建议。

Based on the survey data of two-level undergraduate freshmen in a pilot university of the strengthening basic disciplines plan,using a variety of econometric models,compare the differences in basic characteristics,academic preparation and professional interests of students admitted in different ways in the same department,and evaluate the talent selection effect of the strengthening basic disciplines plan from two dimensions of fairness and quality.The research finds that:from the perspective of fairness,after controlling the college entrance examination scores,there is no significant difference between the strengthening basic disciplines plan students and the same grade system enrollment in terms of high school type and family characteristics,and there is no significant difference between the strengthening basic disciplines plan students and the self enrollment of the upper level students in terms of high school type and multi family characteristics;from the perspective of quality,the college entrance examination scores of the students with strengthening basic disciplines plan are significantly lower than those of the same year’s unified enrollment,but significantly higher than the self enrollment of the upper level,while there is no significant difference in the professional interests of the three types of students.Based on this,the paper puts forward suggestions on optimizing the quality of talent selection and ensuring the fairness of recruitment and examination.