从“示范计划”到“双高计划”:高等职业教育示范性发展模式反思

From“Demonstration Plan”to“Double High Plan”:Reflection on Demonstration Development Model of Higher Vocational Education

“示范计划”和“双高计划”均是公共高等职业教育资源配置的改革政策,是一种通过少数优质高职院校先期示范发展进而带动其他高职院校共同发展的示范性发展模式。该模式通过中央政府发动、省级政府推动、地方政府联动、示范院校带动、其他院校涌动,确立高等职业教育的重要地位,促进高职院校按规律办学,探索高职发展的“中国经验”。然而,作为示范性发展模式第一阶段的“示范计划”在发展价值上呈现外在价值偏多,而人的发展不足;发展方式上呈现项目院校快速发展,而均衡发展不足;发展主体上呈现政府引领有余,而自主发展不足等问题。“双高计划”作为示范性发展模式的后续深化阶段,国家层面需要强化扩散效应,加强权威、符号和规劝工具的供给,聚焦顶层设计和结果控制,注重双高院校引领其他高职院校共同发展;省级层面需要强化统筹协调,聚焦高职院校内外部要素之间的协同发展,强化激励和能力工具的供给与建设过程的控制;校级层面需要强化以人为本,聚焦关键能力建设和质量发展,加强对建设目标群体政策意图的传达和行为的形塑。

Both the“demonstration plan”and the“double high plan”are reform policies for the allocation of public higher vocational education resources.They are demonstration development models that drive the common development of other higher vocational colleges through the early demonstration development of a few high-quality higher vocational colleges.This model is launched by the central government,promoted by the provincial government,linked by local governments,driven by demonstration colleges and other colleges,to establish the important position of higher vocational education,promote higher vocational colleges to run schools according to laws,and explore the“Chinese experience”of higher vocational development.However,as the first stage of the demonstrative development model,the“demonstration plan”shows more external value in terms of development value,while human development is insufficient;In terms of development mode,the project colleges have developed rapidly,but the balanced development is insufficient;On the development subject,there are problems such as the government’s excessive guidance but insufficient independent development.As the follow-up deepening stage of the demonstrative development model,the“double high plan”needs to strengthen the diffusion effect at the national level,strengthen the supply of authority,symbols and persuasion tools,focus on top-level design and result control,and focus on the dual colleges leading other higher vocational colleges to develop together;At the provincial level,it is necessary to strengthen overall planning and coordination,focus on the coordinated development between internal and external elements of higher vocational colleges,and strengthen the supply of incentives and capacity tools and the control of the construction process;At the school level,it is necessary to strengthen people-oriented,focus on key capacity building and quality development,and strengthen the communication of policy intentions and behavior shaping of target groups.