2016—2021年南阳市献血人群梅毒流行特征及趋势分析

Epidemiological Characteristic and Tendency Analysis of Syphilis among Voluntary Blood Donors in Nanyang Area from 2016 to 2021

目的:了解2016—2021年南阳市无偿献血人群梅毒流行特征,为今后做好梅毒预防、控制和无偿献血招募策略的制定提供依据。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)初筛检测献血者梅毒特异性抗体,结果呈反应性者采用梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)进行确证,对不同献血人群的梅毒感染情况进行比较。结果:373173名献血者中梅毒ELISA法初筛反应性769例(0.21%),经TPPA法确证阳性504例(0.14%)。6年来无偿献血人群梅毒初筛反应率和确证阳性率总体呈逐渐下降趋势;女性、首次献血、全血献血、外地户籍人群梅毒阳性率分别高于男性、重复献血、单采血小板、本地户籍,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为38.854、17.445、13.131、13.791,P值均<0.05);不同文化程度、职业、年龄献血人群中,初中及以下、公司职员和35~44岁献血人群的梅毒确证阳性率最高,分别为0.168%、0.189%和0.179%,各组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为24.417、125.711、33.484,P值均<0.05)。结论:2016—2020年南阳市献血人群梅毒阳性率呈逐年下降态势,确认的梅毒阳性者以首次献血、献全血、低学历、公司职员/农民、35~44岁献血人群为主,应加强这部分高危重点人群献血前的征询和筛查,防止经输血传播梅毒。

OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiological features of syphilis among voluntary blood donors in Nanyang area from 2016 to 2021,so as to provide reference for the prevention and contral of syphilis and the recruitment of blood donors.METHODS Two kinds of enzyme-linked immunosorbent reagents were used to screen syphilis antibodies in blood donors,the positive blood samples were confirmed by TPPA method,and the syphilis infection status of different blood donors was compared.RESULTS 769 donors(0.21%)were reactive for anti-TP by ELISA method among 373173 blood specimens,and 504 donors were positive for syphilis(0.14%)by TPPA method,the reactived rates of preliminary screening and confirmed positives rates in voluntary blood donors decreased from 2016 to 2021.The positive of female,first-time donors,whole blood donors and non-local residents had a significantly higher TP seroprevalence than female donors,repeat donors,apheresis platelet donors and local residents,there were statistically significant between two groups(χ^(2)=38.854,17.445,13.131,13.791,P<0.05).In different voluntary blood donor crowds of education level,occupation and age.The positive rates were highest in blood donors with junior high school,company staff and 35~44 age stage,the positive rate of syphilis were 0.168%,0.189%and 0.179%,with statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=24.417,125.711,33.484,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The TP seroprevalence among voluntary blood donors in Nanyang area showed a downward trend from 2016 to 2021,the majority of TP seropositive population are first-time donors,whole blood donors,junior high school donors,company staff/farmers and 35~44 age stage,so consultations and screening should be strengthened for high-risk groups to prevent the transmission risk TP through blood transfusion.